Socio Economic Crises Of South Africa S Horticulture Sector

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CRISES IN SOUTH AFRICA’S HORTICULTURE SECTOR In this research I have gone through the effects of the â€Å"Global value chain (GVC) and Global product networks (GPNs)† on the South African economy and the horticulture labour force. So what are GVC and GPNs†¦? Global value chain is the chain of activities, which include all the major steps from producing a product to selling them in an international market and even the after sales services (Inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales and services). Whereas, Global product network is the web of the company’s production cycle in which an organization manufactures the different parts of a product in different countries of the world or may be in different†¦show more content†¦The supermarkets changed the dynamics of agrofood trade, production and employment as supermarkets focused on providing better quality products to the consumers at cheaper rates which is offcourse a good thing but due to this the suppliers put extra burden on the horticulture firms in South Africa and that burden ultimately delegated to the lowest unit of the hierarchy of the firms, i.e., the workers. Along with this I have found that Social and Economic crises in South Africa are not only the result of bad effects of Global value chain and Global Product Networks but also the result of â€Å"Apartheid†. Apartheid is a former social system, followed in South Africa, in which blacks and other racial groups did not have the same political, economical and social rights like whites and were treated differently from white people. Under apartheid the South Africa was classified into four different races, i.e., the blacks, whites, coloured and Indian/Asians. In the whole country 80% of population was of blacks, 9% of whites, 9% of coloured and 2% was of Indian/Asians. In 1994 Nelson Mandela became the president of South Africa and ended the apartheid system permanently but in my research I have observed that the racial

Gender Roles And Their Impact On Society - 1841 Words

The time we spend in school is a huge part of our lives. Someone could spend anywhere from 13 years to 20+ years in elementary, middle, high, and higher education. Since school is started at such a young age, people are shaped by their teachers and peers in how they act towards another and think about each other. Our teachers, although they don’t mean to, say things that can influence how we think about people or things. With children being so influenced by what the people around them think and do, its important for those things to be good. Early in life, children develop gender identities, and in our culture there are stereotypes that children pick up on because its seen as the â€Å"norm†. Males are supposed to be independent and competitive while females are more passive and supportive. Teachers can often impose these stereotypes onto their students, meaning no harm, but in the long run these gender roles can impact their future. Kohlberg was one of the first educational theorists to address gender as a learned, cognitive concept. Kohlberg has six stages to his theory, none of which can be skipped. The stage that most applies here is stage three, Interpersonal accord and conforminty. This is the stage where social norms become prevalent to children and they begin to adopt the boy/girl attitude. His thinking was influenced by Piaget, another educational theorist, who portrayed children as active learners who use interactions with their environment to construct anShow MoreRelatedGender Roles And Its Impact On Society1987 Words   |  8 PagesGender role ideals are deeply implanted in our personas and the consequences of not adhering to them becomes clear early on, however, many are not aware of the profound negative impact that gender ideals and the pressures accompanied with them can have on individuals. The shaping of gender roles begin at the start of everyone’s lives and continue to form and impact individuals throughout the entirety of it. Not only are parents, and other important authoritative figures responsible for the formingRead MoreGender Roles And Its Impact On Society2579 Words   |  11 Pagesof history, gender roles have been strictly defined and have been prominent in many individual societies. Gender can affect every aspect of our life, ranging from simple ideals such as the way we dress, and social interactions with one another, as opposed to more complex ones such as how we view each other in the workplace, and how rules and restrictions are implemented in accordance to gender and gender roles in society. Gender roles are necessary in society in order to keep society functioningRead MoreGender Roles Have A Negative Impact On Society1135 Words   |  5 Pages Gender roles have a negative impact on our society. Attitudes come from a personal point of view and affect how we view other people. Also, our society has attitudes about gender roles, which is something we cannot help but do. Lastly, attitudes are capable of influencing us and our decisions. These points will show you that gender roles are a negative towards people in our society. Attitudes are complex ideas that our minds make about other people. First, an attitude is how we feel about someoneRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Responsibilities1116 Words   |  5 PagesGender roles and gender division in biological perspectives were an issue in global societies. Even in today’s societies depending on the geographical areas around the world, gender roles are socially divided. However other geographic countries completely equal, such as Iceland. Laws such as a third gender option at birth, then decision followed by the child. The third gender option would be judged negatively in some other geographic parts of our globally social societies. What kind of impact doRead MoreThe Gender Biases Of Children1325 Words   |  6 PagesThe gender biases learned in schools are revealed later in the workplace, further revealing the impact it can have. Students’ talents may go unrecognized and undeveloped simply because they were not appropriate for their gender norms created by society. A young boy who likes to dance may not want his male friends to know about his hobby for fear of being bullied. Because dancing is predominantly feminine, the young boy is not fulfilling his masculine role for his friends, therefore trying to hideRead MoreThird Gender1599 Words   |  7 PagesIn society, the biological difference between men and women is used as a justification for aligning them with different social roles which restrict and mold their attitudes and behavior. Merriam-Webster defines gender as the behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits typically associated with one sex. Narrow minded society of today is not satisfied with the natural difference of sex, but each insist on adding a cultural difference of gender to it. The unsophisticated, ideal physical facts alwaysRead MoreHow Women Are Portrayed On Advertising And Th e Second Looks At This Time1104 Words   |  5 Pagesis the topic of how women are portrayed in advertising and the impact this has on women in society. 2. State the claim the study supports The scholarly article I am reviewing is a research article that did two separate examinations on the role of humor in gender stereotypes. The first one is the role of humor seen in television advertisements and the second looks at peoples attitudes toward humorous and non-humorous ads that have gender stereotypes in them and how that would affect a persons desireRead MoreGender Roles Are A Set Of Societal Norms Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Gender roles are a set of societal norms dictating the types of behaviors which are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for people based on their actual or perceived sex or sexuality† (Oxford). Is it a boy or girl? What sport will he play? When will she take dance lessons? Women shouldn’t have jobs! Men should work while women take care of the house! Women belong in the kitchen! Men don’t do household chores! These are just some examples of stereotypes adopted by society thatRead MoreGender Role s In Modern Society728 Words   |  3 PagesGender is an integral part of social practices of human interaction. It influences on all aspects of a persons life such as self-assertion and self-development, family, work, school, etc. Through the gender lens a person perceives any kind of information and passes it to the surrounding world by using a gender display. The process of gender socialization and the content of gender stereotypes has great importance not only for the life of an individual, but also for the progressive development ofRead MoreHow Gender Role Impacts on Identity Essay930 Words   |  4 Pages When contemplating the topic of gender role and its impact on identity one cannot help but realise that these gender roles have a huge part to play on a person’s identity. As gender is a combination of male and female it gives way for a number of characteristics to accompany each sex making them different from each other. This has an important position to play on identity which Kath Woodward stated in her book â€Å"Questioning Identity: Gender, Class, Nation† where she said â€Å"Without difference there

Kudler fine foods database Free Essays

A description and justification for tables (permanent and temporary) used in the design of the SQL business application. Data contained in each table along with the characteristics and format and the manner in which the data supports the SQL business application. Customer: Customer table is used to track demographic information about customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Kudler fine foods database or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this tables various attributes will be related to customer information that are address, name, email, phone, birth dates, etc. This table is an important table and will be associated (relationship) with order table. Inventory: this is the table that will contain the inventory information of Kudler Fine Foods Database. In this table various attributes (fields or column) will be Item ID, inventory ID, perishable indicator, perishable date, department ID, category, description, unit of measure, quantity on hand, unit of cost, master pack quantity, supplier ID, assembly item, substitute item and tag along items. This table has relationship with Item, Department and Supplier table. Item: This table will contain information about each item made and delivered by Kudler Fine Foods. It will contain information about item, item type, price, labor cost, etc. This table will be associated with Order Line and Tax table. In this table taxable field will contain data types as bit i.e. Yes/No. Order: Order table will store information about an order. In this table various attributes will be customer ID, sales person ID, pick up time, etc. This table will be associated with the Store and Customer, Sales Person and tender table.  Order Line: This table will contain the information about order line and units purchased of items. In this table various field will be store code, item ID, price and unit purchased by the customer. This table will be associated with the Item and Store table. Store: Store table will contain demographic information, hours of operation, lease for the building and the contact person information in it. This table will be associated with Order, Order Line and State table.  Supplier: The supplier table tracks information on who supplies Kudler with its products and it tracks their location and contact information. Tax: The Tax table ensures that the applicable tax being placed on each item.  Tender: The tender table records the method of payments used on each order. This table will be associated with Order table.  Department: The Department table contains information on the different departments and will be associated with Inventory table. State: the State table has the state abbreviation as well as its description.  Sales Person: Sales Person table tracks the different employees. It will have information about sales person employed by Kudler Fine Foods. The above mentioned twelve tables will use data types depending upon the information they have to store. For ID purpose the above tables can use data type as Number. For storing date information  Ã‚   in the table the data type for fields will be Date. For storing price values the data type will be Currency or Money. And for name address, description the data type used will be Text or long text (Varchar). In case of any decision is based as Yes or No than data type Bit (Yes/No or 1 and 0) can be used. The entire above mentioned table will be associated in the Kudler Fine Foods Database with each other. The various types of information regarding order, customer, inventory, sales person, etc will be taken from the above tables by creating views or running query and report can be generated. Reference Gavin, Powell (2006). Beginning Database Design. Wiley Publishing, Inc., United State of America. How to cite Kudler fine foods database, Essay examples

Bioethics Cloning Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

Bioethicss Cloning Essay, Research Paper The biological definition of a ringer is an being that has the same familial information as another being or beings ( Nash, 62-65 ) . From this definition and from information about the scientific discipline behind cloning, my current position on cloning is that it is ethical, but should non be used until perfected. This statement ignores information about how we can misapply cloning and what effects occur when the process is unsuccessful. I doubt nevertheless that we will let cloning to be misused, and believe most people would likely hold this sentiment on cloning, but their deficiency of cognition on cloning, or their belief that cloning would be misused, is the ground for differences of sentiment. Thus, an amplification on the history, techniques, moralss, and grounds for researching the engineering of cloning is necessary. WHAT IS CLONING? The first things that must be cleared up are the inquiries, what is cloning, and what is a ringer? A ringer is an being derived asexually from a individual person by film editings, bulbs, tubers, fission, or parthenogeny reproduction ( Griffin, Roslin Institute Online ) . Parthenogenesis reproduction is the development of an being from an unfertilised egg cell, seed or spore ( Griffin, Roslin Institute Online ) . So in other words, cloning is any procedure in which production of a ringer is successful. Therefore, the biological term cloning is the production of a genetically indistinguishable extra of an being. Successful cloning has occurred with farm animal. The thrust toward success is non because farm animal like cattles and sheep are model beings. Alternatively, the agriculture industry has made and continues to do a large attempt toward happening a manner to implement the technique of atomic transportation for farm animal. Research in cloning is besides happening in Primatess. The ground for analyzing Primatess is for their similarities with humans- big encephalon, apposable pollex, etc. This leads to the most talked about facets of cloning, the usage of the techniques with human cells and eggs. Controversy Throughout the recent old ages, conversation, novels, magazine articles, newspaper studies, and films have focused on what would go on if worlds were cloned. Part of this media creates ideas of a Utopian society, while some think of a hideous universe ; the bulk of them being the latter of the two. For those who have had these scaring ideas, Dr. Richard Seed states he can carry through the undertaking of cloning a human utilizing atomic transportation. Dr. Seed is a physicist who researched birthrate scientific disciplines in the 1980 # 8217 ; s and is now specialising in embryology. He states that he has set up a birthrate clinic that can carry on atomic transportation. Dr. Richard Seed is making uproar sing the moralss of cloning. This is dry because cloning has occurred ( Flock, 1998 ) . The cloning of worlds in a biological sense already is happening. Scientists are researching by dividing embryos to put to death experiments to happen informations associating to cell distinction, the usage of root cells, and familial showing ( Benoit, Human Eng. ) . Amazingly, familial showing is happening in Britain rather frequently! Fertility clinics aim this service toward twosomes where the female parent or male parent has a familial upset. A birthrate clinic will clone an embryo, so prove it for familial upsets, and if the embryo is tested negative for familial upsets, so the birthrate clinic implants a ringer of that embryo. This should vouch that the kid will non hold any familial upsets ( Benoit, Human Eng. ) . That is the current work with cloning. It is going a portion of our society already. Cloning is presently a engineering that many people could utilize. I believe it will go more popular as monetary values for the technique decreases, and as the usage of cloning become progressively acceptable. That is if we worlds consider cloning an acceptable engineering, and that we would wish to utilize for the 21st century. Cloning has progressed so rapidly, few of us know if we should be even gulling with this engineering. Some scientists say that we put engineerings to utilize one time the pros outweigh the cons. During the late 1970ss and early 1880ss, there were few scientists still analyzing cloning. Many had predicted that it was impossible to clone embryologic mammal cells. Few continued with research, and many gave up and went into other Fieldss. However, some persisted and were rewarded for their attempts. In 1984, Dr. Steene Willadsen announced that he had successfully transferred karyon from embryos of sheep to bring forth ringers ( Kolata, NY Times ) . He besides was successful with cattles and even monkeys. He advanced his methods, and began cloning embryos that were in the 64-128 cell-stage. This suggested that possibly atomic transportation was possible with differentiated cells. Two old ages subsequently, Dr. Ian Wilmut and Dr. Keith Campbell, of the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, produced for the universe Megan and Morag, the first cloned sheep from embryo cells ( Griffin, Roslin Online Institute ) . DOLLY- THE FIRST On July 5 at 4:00 P.M. lamb figure 6LL3, or Dolly, was born in a shed down the route from the Institute ( Travis, Science News ) . She weighed in at 14 lbs and was healthy. Scientists accomplished this by utilizing frozen mammary cells taken from a six-year-old pregnant Ewe and blending them with an enucleated egg. This process occurred tardily in January of 1996. This was the twenty-four hours of merger for Dolly, which is the natural equivalent to a construct day of the month. An interesting note is that three different sheep were involved in bring forthing Dolly, versus the usual two or one ( in-vitro fertilisation ) . Furthermore, the Roslin scientists used three different strains for each sheep to turn out that the experiment was a success ( Griffin, Roslin Institute ) . REASONS FOR MORE RESEARCH The ends and intents for researching cloning scope from doing transcripts of those that have deceased to better technology the progeny in worlds and animate beings. Cloning could besides straight offer a agency of bring arounding diseases or a technique that could widen agencies to geting new informations for embryology and development of beings as a whole. Cloning could massively better the agricultural industry as the technique of atomic transportation improves. There are besides transgenic beings, which have had their familial information unnaturally altered. The end of transgenic farm animal is to bring forth farm animal with ideal features for the agricultural industry and to be able to fabricate biological merchandises such as proteins for worlds. Farmers are trying to bring forth transgenic farm animal already, but non expeditiously, due to the absurd sum of money it costs and the hapless dependability of it all. Scientists besides ponder the thought of cloning endangered species to increase their population. These possibilities are eternal. However, there is much research being done for the betterment of human life. Embryologist Dr. Steene Willadsen, when speaking of past research, stated, # 8220 ; I was look intoing fencings, looking for holes in the scientific cloth, ways to interrupt through what others considered dogma. # 8221 ; ( Kolata, NY Times ) . Scientists foresee the cloning of hogs to bring forth variety meats that worlds will non reject. As mentioned earlier, farm animal can bring forth biological proteins for assisting people who have diseases like diabetes, Parkinson # 8217 ; s, and Cystic Fibrosis. Cloning besides provides better research capablenesss for happening remedies to many diseases. It may besides be utile for some twosomes who can t hold childs for one ground or another. For case, twosomes who are infertile could utilize cloning to bring forth a kid. Equally of import, adult females who are individual could hold a kid utilizing cloning alternatively of in-vitro fertilisation. Nuclear transportation could besides supply kids who need organ grafts to hold a ringer born to donate variety meats. Cloning could besides supply a transcript of a kid for a twosome whose kid had died, but there is a line to be drawn here. ON THE DOWNSIDE Cloning has many negative affects it could hold to life. The technique of atomic transportation is besides early in its developmental phases. Therefore, mistakes are happening all the clip when scientists carry out the process. For case, it took 277 attempts to bring forth Dolly, and Roslin scientists produced many lambs with abnormalcies ( Travis, Science News ) ! This is the chief ground scientific discipline is keeping out on cloning worlds. If the scientists who do this for a populating return such a long clip in carry throughing this effort, with so many mistakes, evidently farther promotion would be needed earlier serious consideration was taken for cloning worlds. I believe we should non try atomic transportation to bring forth an grownup homo until the technique is perfected, and besides because there are many ethical issues that are still unresolved. ETHICAL ISSUES UNANSWERED If we clone worlds, is that considered taking nature into our ain custodies? Would the authorities topographic point ordinances on human cloning or animate being cloning? In fact, Great Britain and many other European states have already passed congressional statute law to modulate the usage of cloning, both for worlds and animate beings. Many spiritual organisations consider atomic transportation to do work forces to be reproductively disused, because they are non used in the procedure. Religious groups besides claim that cloning defies the regulation or their belief that worlds have souls. They besides consider cloning unnatural, and say we are taking the work of God into our ain custodies. Peoples question when we will pull the line for acquiring involved in natural events. There is besides a argument as to the moral rights of ringers. One could see how we would non have ringers with such exhilaration as a kid of a twosome that conceived of course, even though if natural reproduct ion were to happen, familial fluctuation would happen. They say cloning would strip person to hold any perceptual experience of uniqueness. I believe this to be true, because although a ringer would be indistinguishable in every manner, his/her personality would be different in every instance, depending on how the individual was raised, and the surrounding environment. Sidney Callahan, a psychologist, argues that # 8220 ; the random merger of a twosome # 8217 ; s familial heritage gives adequate distance to let the kid besides to be seen as a separate other # 8221 ; ( Bruce, WebZone, 1998 ) . But still I can non stand the fact that I look like my male parent when he was my age, and presently I am under the feeling that I was conceived of course J. Thus I believe the antique manner of holding childs is non giving me adequate distance, so what is the difference for a ringer? ! IN MY OPINION At this point, I believe we should non utilize cloning. However, if we venture more into cloning we must do many safeguards, and I think the best manner to be cognizant of these safeguards is through more research. Research that involves human cloning is the hardest of the ethical and moral quandary to decide. Currently, even in the instance of animate being cloning, the utmost inefficiency and cost of the processs inhibit the true benefits that make it worthwhile. If the ethical issues of cloning included deciding the deficiency of regard for the lives of animate beings and worlds, it would be more acceptable to let engineering to progress in this promising country.

8 Tips for Effective Revision

8 Tips for Effective Revision 8 Tips for Effective Revision If youve got exams coming up, youll probably be hard at work revising. But how can you ensure that your time spent revising is worthwhile? Weve prepared our top 8 revision tips to help you get in shape for those tests! 1. Start with Good Notes Ok, so this might not help you now, but its definitely something you can do going forwards. Make sure you take clear, legible notes in class so that when you come back to them they make sense! Try highlighting them with a color-coding system as part of your revision. It really helps you to make sense of them. 2. Make a Revision Timetable If youve got several tests to revise for, it might be helpful to make a timetable so that you can make sure you are spending enough time on each subject. Stick it up on your wall and try to follow it. 3. Take a Break When making your timetable, make sure you add in breaks. Ideally, you should have a 5-minute break once every half hour. Get up, stretch, have a cup of coffee, or go for a walk outside. Taking regular breaks will help your brain to function more effectively. 4. Sort Out your Revision Space The first thing you should do before revising is to tidy your revision space. If it is clear and uncluttered, you will find it much easier to work. 5. Dont Memorize, Summarize! Dont just re-read your notes, try making a summary of them in your own words. This will help you to remember them as you will have to process the words rather than simply reading them. Its surprising how much you can read whilst daydreaming! 6. Use Past Papers Your course tutor will probably be able to provide you with some past papers if you ask. There might even be some available on the Internet. Make sure you time yourself and use proper exam conditions. 7. Use Visual Aids If you have a visual brain, you might find it helpful to create charts or infographics. Doodling the main facts out can be a great way of making summaries of your notes. The funnier these are, the more you should remember the information! 8. Eat, Sleep, Run! Dont forget that your body needs fuel, rest, and exercise for your brain to function well. Dont be tempted to cram all night before a test. Plan out your revision for a few weeks before the test and dont do any revision at all the day before. Instead, go for a swim, eat well and go to bed early. Have a banana and plenty of water for breakfast and your brain will be on top form!

General Hummel

In the rock it is a very powerful and shows a lot of the different types of leaderships style that we had talked about in the past. With the military mercenary group in my opinion yes there is a commander General Hummel but what I noticed as I was watching the movie was that all of them respected and followed his orders but when it came to getting down there was a change. First lets go over the four main men with in the group and look at each on of their type of leadership demonstrated in the movie. Major Baxton, General Hummels right hand man. He demonstrates some what of a pleaser because he follows orders and wants to do right by his commander the General, also of an achiever he wants to get things done right the first time around he is very goal oriented when he is told do something thats what he sets out to do. Captain Hendrix on the other hand shows to be more of an attacker than anything else. He has a bad attitude he is very much in control of himself and when h! e says jump that what he wants to happen. He is also an achiever goal oriented he is very self confident in what he sets out to achieve. Captain Frye and Capt Darryl are performers and attackers. They both they have no feeling but are both very strong willed individuals. They have orders to follow and they see that they are achieved no matter how they need to do it. If its hurting another person so be it. They had an order and they will follow through till the end. Gunner Sgt Crisps is an avoider and a pleaser. There is a scene where the Capt. Hendricks, Capt. Fry and Capt. Darryl are confronting General Hummel on a situation and told Crisp to apprehend the General and he doesnt want to do it because Hummel is his general but is ordered by the three individuals to do so he realizes that Hummel is no longer in control and to keep from upsetting the other Capt. he does it. He is very quit and to himself. Follows orders and does what h..

Fashion and consumer culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Fashion and consumer culture - Essay Example The essay "Fashion and consumer culture" discusses the role of consumer goods and services. According to the domain of social psychology, fashion products represent symbolic attributes that speak volumes about an individual’s position in life in regards to income, trend-consciousness, and social group membership. It is the symbolism projected by fashion attire that largely dictates the level to which an individual moulds their lifestyle against social group affiliation needs. On the other hand, the question as to whether fashion is a symbolic methodology to ensure a degree of individualism is raised. Symbolic purchases represent a status representation reflecting socio-economic background or peer group affiliation, thus theoretically it is the social environment that determines fashion consumption. Is fashion consumption solely based on social attachment or is fashion a break from pre-established social norms to project individual innovation and creativity as the dominant reas on for consumption? However, research identifies that fashion consumption is more closely related to social affiliation, an assumption based on characteristics in the real-world fashion marketplace that point toward the psychological mechanisms of social group identity. Based on differing viewpoints, the question is raised as to whether fashion consumption is solely individualistic or based on social factors that influence buying behaviours. This paper explores how either individualism or social factors influence social lives.

Rasputin and the fall of the Romanovs Term Paper

Rasputin and the fall of the Romanovs - Term Paper Example Rasputin played a very significant part in the fall of the Romanovs. Rasputin and the fall of the Romanovs Introduction Rasputin could have done better to prevent the fall of the Romanovs. The research delves on Rasputin’s role in the downfall of the Romanovs. The research delves on role of Rasputin in preventing the people’s uprising. Rasputin was instrumental in the fall of the Romanovs. Gregory Rasputin had exercised significant influence on the Russian Tsar’s family (Thompson, 1991). However, Rasputin was not the only individual who exercised a huge influence on the Russian Tsar’s family. Prior to Rasputin, there were other individuals who had exercised a similar or even greater hold on the Tsar’s family. Most Russian villages had their own share of holy fools. For hundreds of years, the Russian villages had to contend with the different holy fools of their own. During other time periods, the holy fools were sometimes naked. On other occasions, the holy fools were described as unwashed. Sometimes, the holy fools were dirty. Further, another group of holy fools used queer attires. All the holy fools had one very similar trait. The similar trait is that they literally wreaked havoc on the community’s once peaceful environment. The holy fools exercised religious influence on the affected community. As expected, the pronouncements of the holy fools triggered many controversies. Some of the holy fools espoused premarital sex. History shows that the holy fools belonged to a long line of Russian Shamans. The Shamans used many decorations to improve their physical appearances. The Shamans used metal and other accessories in order to attract attention (Thompson, 1991). As expected, the Holy fool concept creates an impression where Russian government’s leadership is excellent. The Holy fool concept espoused by Rasputin triggered the expected collapse of the Tsar government. The Holy fool concept indicated that the peop le on the outskirts of the Tsar’s Russian community. The Holy fool, Rasputin, was able to create a false impression that there are rumors A group of rebels were about to stage several attacks on the Russian Tsar’s Kingdom. The attacks would initially crop up in the Russian countryside (Thompson, 1991). As expected, the religious leaders of the Orthodox religion focused on ejecting the holy fools from Russian society. The religious leaders felt that excess efforts are needed to prevent the growing spread of the holy fools’ false teachings. Divulging the false teachings of the holy fools would benefit the Russian church leaders. The divulging would prevent the holy fools from injecting false doctrines on the unsuspecting and confused Russian public. One of the victims of the holy fools is Russian Tsar’s family (Thompson, 1991). Further, it is very clear that Rasputin, a holy fool, was instrumental in sparking the downfall of the Russian Tsar Nicholasâ€℠¢ empire (Sarah, 2010). The Tsar had intended to give his throne to his brother. The Tsar could not give the Russian empire’s throne to his son on the ground of fitness. The son’s sickly and weak physical condition could hinder a normal management of the huge Russian government. However, The Tsar’s brother refused to accept the Tsar’s juicy offer. With no one eager or able royal family member eager to receive the Russian throne, the Tsar’s time as ruler of Russia was slowly being trimmed

Close reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Close reading - Essay Example Matusky and Sooi (2004) studied the Malaysian dance and commented that the Malaysian musical traditions were always accompanied with dance or dance drama that did not have any dialogue as its essence was to engage the audience to the set act so that they could derive a meaning out of the performance. This acted as an act that included the attributes of the classical or folk music2. As a result, the dance incorporated the use of the body more so the hands and the feet. Thus through their traditional Malay music, the Malay dancer(s) introduced the use of hands as they swayed their hands from side to side or up and down as a form to express emotion and attachment to the song. Malay classical dance history and characteristics The early Malay dances incorporated various dance forms such as mak yong, mek mulung and manohra and these were practiced often in the courts thus their origination. The mak yong comprised of a much dramatized dance act that depicted the stories of the princes and p rincesses. The women who acted as princesses wore royal costumes while the men wore the same costumes and an additional male clown. Their dance was also accompanied by drums, gongs and a serunai. The dance is also related to Puteri, which is an ancient ritual that was believed, that when it was performed by the dancers, it was prone to release supernatural powers and as a result, the kings did not follow much on that, rather they adopted the dance that was related to theatrical performances. This dance involved the simple act of a female and a male at the courts. Manohra also shares some aspects with mak yong such as the dance that consists of the female and the male and it also incorporates more of dance rather than the story that is behind to the dance set being performed. Manohra also served as a traditional and respected ritual and it was also believed to have the aspect of super natural powers. When the dance was performed, it was always accompanied with the serunai, two gedung , two gedumbak, kesi, bamboo or wood clappers and gongs. As of today, there exists only two active manohra groups’ in Malaysia and tey happen to occupy the parts of Kelantan. Mek mulung on the other hand involved a dance drama that depicted a local legend that had happened in the community. As a result this dance also had the same aspects in meaning and body gesture when compared to mak yong and manohra. When the dance was performed, it was always accompanied with the use of the serembong, gong, serunai and ceruk. The oldest surviving Malaysian performance traditions can be dated back to the peoples of the Orang Asli communities of Peninsular Malaysia who are very scarce in numbers in the region. Some of the community sub groups include the Negrito communities that include the Bateq, Jahai, Kensui, Kintak, Lanoh and Mendriq peoples and they are located in the Kelantan, Pahang, Perak and Terengganu regions. The Senoi include the Che Wong, Jahut, Mahmeri, Semai, Semoq Beri and Temiar peoples who are located in Kelantan, Pahang, Perak and Selangor, and the Proto-Malay peoples incorporate the Jakun, Orang Kanaq, Orang Laut, Orang Seletar, Semelai and Temuan) majoritively in Johor, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang. The Orang Asli performances involved the incorporation of music, song and dance and they were preformed mainly at social events

GFP Practical Report

GFP Practical Report GFP is very useful as a reporter protein. After its discovery in 1962 its practical applications were put into use 30 years later by adding the coding DNA of GFP before the stop codon of other proteins. This allows for an easily detectable marker of the proteins presence without needing additional cofactors or causing any harm to the organism. The spectral characteristics of GFP can be changed by making mutations to the protein. In this investigation a Y66W mutation was made to wildtype GFP in order to produce a shorter excitation and emission wavelength. The mutation was made using QuikChange site directed mutagenesis. The protein was then cloned into BL21(DE3) pLysS for expression. The cells were then lysed and applied to a Ni-NTA column. This fractionated the lysate in order to analyse these fractions using SDS-PAGE, fluorescence and Bradford assays. It was found that the Y66W mutation was successfully added but due to another mutation in the stop codon additional amino acids were added to the C terminus of the protein. It was also found that purification was partially successful as GFP was eluted in the correct fraction. This is supported by the Bradford and fluorescence assays. The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a 238 amino acid protein with a molecular mass of 26,870 Da. It was first isolated from the jellyfish species Aequorea Victoria by Osamu Shimomura in 1962 (1). GFP is expressed in small photoorgans that are situated in the umbrella of the jellyfish. Douglas Prasher first realised the potential of GFP as a reporter protein (2). As proteins are smaller than the resolving power of electron microscopes, Prasher thought the GFP gene could be added into the gene for haemoglobin before the stop codon. This would allow the protein of interest to maintain all of its functions but would have the GFP protein at its C terminal end. This means that detection of GFP fluorescence would also indicate the presence of haemoglobin. Furthermore, GFP does not require additional cofactors or substrates to fluoresce. This means that it works extremely well as a non-invasive method of detection of protein expression. GFP is also non-toxic so it is able to be used in vi vo without causing damage or harm to the organism. Crystallisation studies (3) have shown that GFP has a barrel structure with the chromophore buried in the centre. This chromophore is comprised of 3 amino acids (Ser 65-Tyr 66-Gly 67) that undergo a series of spontaneous cyclisation reactions to create the active chromophore. Wild type GFP has a major excitation peak at 395 nm and a minor one at 475 nm with an emission peak at 509 nm. In vivo GFP is coupled to the protein aequorin which induces a blue glow when it interacts with Ca2+ ions and breaks down luciferin. This light is able to excite GFP and cause fluorescence. In vitro this is not the case, however GFP fluorescence can be easily induced by irradiating GFP with UV light. As with all proteins, GFP can be mutated. By mutating key residues, such as residues in the chromophore, it is possible to change the characteristics of GFPs fluorescence. The first of many mutations was the S65T mutation (4). This mutation improved the characteristics of the protein including increased photostability, fluorescence and a shift of the major excitation peak. This investigation is based on the engineering of GFP to create a mutant of GFP with a shorter excitation and emission wavelength by inducing the Y66W mutation. The aims of this investigation were as follows. To carry out site directed mutagenesis of GFPuv to clone into pET28c and transform the products into XL-1 super competent cells. Extraction of the plasmid after incubation overnight to check the purity and concentration of DNA. Preparation and transformation of BL21(DE3) cells. Lyse these cells and fractionate the lysate to purify his tagged GFP using a Ni-NTA column. Finally, detection of purified GFP by SDS- PAGE, Bradford assay and fluorescence. The workflow of the investigation can be found in figure 1 in appendix 1. A more detailed protocol can be found in the BIOC2302 semester 2 practical manual on pages 6-15 with rationale for all experiments. In site directed mutagenesis I 31 ÃŽ ¼l of water was added to the PCR reaction to give a total reaction volume of 50 ÃŽ ¼l. In site directed mutagenesis II a supplied culture of cells was used in the experiment rather than cells from the transformation colonies in site directed mutagenesis I. His tagged GFP was used instead of the mutant in the protein purification experiment in order for easier administration as the process is the same. Site directed mutagenesis I Before the wet lab work began it was first necessary to design primers for QuikChange to induce the Y66W mutation into the wild type GFP. These can be seen as figure 2 in appendix 2. These were created using the QuikChange primer design tool on the Agilent website. The site directed mutagenesis was carried out using the primers supplied to induce the correct mutation. The products of this were cloned into the pET28c plasmid and the XL-1 super competent cells. The cells were plated as per the BIOC2302 practical manual and left to incubate overnight. Site directed mutagenesis II Upon checking the plates in the next session it was found that no transformed colonies had grown so a new culture was supplied. The undigested plasmid control grew approximately 50 colonies The culture of BL21(DE3)pLysS cells was set up and the OD600 were recorded. They can be seen in table 1 in appendix 3. Within 50 minutes the culture had reached an OD600 of 0.483 meaning the cells were at the correct density for lysis. The cells were prepared as per the BIOC2302 practical manual and the recombinant plasmid was extracted. The concentration measured was 121.7 ng/ÃŽ ¼l and the A260/A280 was 1.86 using nanodrop. Therefore, the ethanol precipitation was not carried out. To prepare for sequencing 4.11 ÃŽ ¼l of this solution was diluted, with 5.98 ÃŽ ¼l EB buffer, to the correct concentration. This was then sent to be sequenced, the results of which can be seen in appendix 4. The primer has been highlighted in green and is surrounded by a box with the mutated codon in red. A deletion also occurred in the stop codon of the mutant as highlighted by the second box with deleted bases highlighted in blue. Protein purification The plates were inspected in the next session. It was found that the 200 ÃŽ ¼l transformation plate grew 3 colonies and the 50 ÃŽ ¼l transformation plate grew none. Transformation efficiency can be calculated for the 200 ÃŽ ¼l plate as 37 transformants/ÃŽ ¼g of DNA. The cells were weighed and found to be 0.539 g so 2 ml BugbusterTM used. After lysis and fractionation the SDS-PAGE samples of each fraction were prepared and loaded onto the gel. The Bradford assay was carried out while the gel ran.   The BSA standards were calculated and the contents of each standard well can be seen in table 2 in appendix 3. The fractions were then diluted into their wells and the contents can be seen in table 3 in appendix 3. The plate was filled according to the map in figure 2 in appendix 5. The plate was ran and the absorbances for the BSA standards were taken from the plate readout and inputted into table 4 in appendix 5. From here a calibration graph was set up using GraphPad Prism and can be seen as graph 1 in appendix 6. This graph shows that the data points for the standards do not fall near the line of best fit. The absorbance results from the plate readout for all of the fractions were imputed into table 5 in appendix 7. The equation of the line from graph 1 was then used to calculate the concentration of protein in each of the fractions. All of these values were also inputted into table 5. With the Bradford assay complete the SDS-PAGE gel was disassembled, stained and a picture was taken. A map of the gel can be seen as figure 3 in appendix 7 and the picture of the gel can be seen as figure 4 in appendix 8. By looking at the picture it can be seen that in lanes 2, 3, 4 and 9 there are dark bands spanning the entire lane. In 5, 6 and 8 there is faint banding across the well. In well 7 there is a distinct small band in between the 25 kDa and 37 kDa molecular markers. Lane 8 shows no bands at all. Finally the fluorescence assay was carried out as per the map of the microtiter plate in figure 5 in appendix 7. The results from the plate readout were inputted into table 5. From here a graph comparing the log of protein concentration compared to fluorescence of each fraction was plotted and can be found as graph 2 in appendix 6. This shows elution 1 with the highest fluorescence and the unbound x10 had the lowest. However, when comparing protein concentration the unbound fraction had the highest and wash 2 had none. Percentage fluorescence was also calculated and inputted into table 6 in appendix 9. The first aim of this experiment was to transform the site directed mutagenesis products into XL-1 super competent cells. The correct primers were used in order to induce the Y66W mutation into the parental DNA. However, no colonies that were meant to take up the mutated plasmid grew but the undigested control grew around 50 colonies. This means the cells did not take up the plasmid because otherwise they would have grown on the plate. This could be due to a mistake made in making the PCR reaction mixture or the DNA may have become damaged at some point in the experiment. Additionally, the suppliers of the XL-1 super competent cells advice to avoid large changes in temperature. This was unavoidable in this experiment and may have contributed to the cells not taking up the plasmid. In the future more care should be taken while plating and preparing the cells. Also preparation of any reaction mixtures should be checked very closely in order to ensure the correct reactants are added in the correct amounts. In site directed mutagenesis II the cell culture was lysed when the OD600 was 0.483. That is because E.coli cells are most likely to be made competent when they enter early log phase. This corresponds with an OD600 of 0.4-0.5. The DNA concentration extracted in this experiment was found to be 121.7 ng/ÃŽ ¼l and an A260/A280 of 1.86. This means that the DNA is good quality as the desirable range for A260/A280 is 1.7-2.0 and the concentration was much higher that what was required. However, in future experiments to test for reliability multiple results should be taken. Furthermore, the data could have been confirmed by using the spectrophotometric method alongside using nanodrop. The sequencing results in appendix 4 confirmed the successful incorporation of the Y66W mutation into GFP, creating the CFP mutant. However, the second mutation at the stop codon deleted 2 bases including the first base of the stop codon. This means that when the protein is expressed the ribosome will not stop and instead will continue to add amino acids onto the C terminus of the mutant until it reaches a new stop codon. There 144 bases between the original stop codon and the next in frame stop codon meaning 48 additional amino acids will be added to the C terminus. This codon can be seen highlighted in purple below the original stop codon. These additional amino acids could affect the folding or could increase the likelihood of aggregation of the mutant protein. In the protein purification experiment the 200 ÃŽ ¼l transformation plate grew 3 colonies and the 50 ÃŽ ¼l transformation plate grew none. The transformation efficiency on the 200 ÃŽ ¼l plate was 37 transformants/ÃŽ ¼g of DNA. The reason why this is so low could be due to a number of factors such as the plating technique or the cells may not have been left to chill on ice for the optimum amount of time. However, the negative control did not grow any colonies, confirming that all of the bacteria on the transformation plate were transformed. Again, more steps should be taken if this was to be carried out again to ensure that proper plating and prepping protocol is followed. The Bradford assay shows that in wash 2 there was no protein in the well. This means that any protein found in elutions 1 and 2 should all be His tagged GFP that bound the Ni-NTA column. This can be confirmed by the fluorescence results as the elution 1 fraction contained the majority of the total fluorescence with 44.13% of the total. However, all other fractions also produce some fluorescence. This could be due to GFP contamination in the other fractions. This could have occurred due to the resin being saturated, preventing further binding to the column. It could also be due to aggregation of the protein obscuring the His tag and preventing binding. Furthermore, the plots on the calibration graph do not fall on the line of best fit. This means that the equation of the line is not accurate and protein concentrations calculated using it are also inaccurate. Therefore, there could be more protein in each fraction than was calculated. This could account for the fluorescence in the wash and unbound fractions. The Bradford assay is quite limiting. This is due to the fact the assay only measures protein concentration rather than GFP concentration. This means that it is unsure whether the protein concentration measured in elution 1 and 2 is all GFP or it is contaminant protein. The same can be said for the other fractions, its unsure whether the protein concentration measured has been contaminated by GFP. In the future this assay should be carried out again to try and reduce contamination. The calibration graph should also be repeated until all of the data points fall on the line of best fit. Otherwise none of the calculated protein concentrations are accurate. Finally, the SDS-PAGE results shows banding in wash 1, 2 and elution 1 and 2. This suggests that there is contaminating protein in all of these fractions. Elution 1 shows a clear band at approximately the 26-27 kDa mark as it is present just above the 25 kDa marker and is well below the 37 kDa marker. This suggest the band in elution 1 is GFP as it is the appropriate size and is in the expected fraction. Another source of error could be due to the amount of pressure applied to the pipette. This will vary from person to person and will affect the volume of the solution being pipetted. As such small volumes were being used and there was a lot of solutions to be pipetted it is very possible a mistake was made. This mistake would have a big effect on the concentration and therefore could have a big effect on the absorbance values. These errors can be avoided in future by using the appropriate pipette for the volumes being used. Further reduction in errors can come from correct technique and by doing replicates and averaging values. There could be some error in the microtiter itself. There may have been markings or scratches on the plate that werent seen at the time. This could affect how the light passed through the reader and therefore affect the absorbance values. In conclusion, the aims of this investigation were to induce the Y66W mutation into wild type GFP using QuikChange site directed mutagenesis. Furthermore, the protein was to be expressed in competent BL21(DE3) pLysS cells. Finally wildtype GFP was to be purified using a Ni-NTA column and the fractions analysed with SDS-PAGE, fluorescence and Bradford assays. The investigation successfully introduced the Y66W mutation into wildtype GFP. However, the stop codon was also mutated adding an extra 48 amino acids on the C terminal of the protein.   A band indicating the presence of GFP was found at the 26.9 kDa mark in elution 1, indicating it was bound to the column and was eluted. However, all factions were contaminated with other protein. References      Ã‚   1. Shimomura, O., Johnson, F., and Saiga, Y. Extraction, purification and properties of aequorin, a bioluminescent protein from the luminous. s.l. : J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 59:223-39, 1962. 2. Prasher, D., Eckenrode, V., Ward, W., Prendergast, F., and Cormier, M. Primary structure of the Aequorea Victoria green-fluorescent protein. s.l. : Gene 111 (2)229-33, 1992. 3. Ormo, M., Cubitt, A., Kallio, K., Gross, L., Tsien, R., and Remington. S. Crystal structure of the Aequorea Victoria green fluorescent protein. s.l. : Science 273:1392-5, 1996. 4. Heim R, Cubitt AB, Tsien RY. Improved green fluroescence. s.l. : Nature. 373 (6516): 663-4., 1995.

The Witching Hour :: essays research papers

The Witching Hour Title: The Witching Hour Author: Anne Rice Copyright Date: 1990 Number of Page Read: 1043 Three main elements classify the genre: Gothic, Mystery, and Romance. I classify Gothic novels as stories pertaining to a dismal atmosphere, such as Edgar Allan Poe's literature. . Lovers who unlock thirteen generation's of Mayfair family secrets and incest; discovering that their intervention becomes a more complex-intertwining destiny. Our Antagonist Michael Curry, a 48-year old Irish man who had lost himself in a world in which he had accomplished his dreams, experienced his emotional pain, and yet he felt empty. Michael approached the rocks of the bay, thought of his life and emptiness, then he slipped and fell to his fatal doom in the sea. Found by a woman known as Rowan Mayfair , he discovered that he was dead for over an hour as he rested in the hospital. Michael also discovered that he had received the gift of seeing images by using his hands to touch objects, and that he chose to come back. He was burdened by the images and the vision after his death, that he had a purpose, that he was sent for a reason. Something that had to do with a doorway, and the number thirteen. After isolation from the press of the burden of his powers, he found himself wanting to go back on the deck of the boat where he was rescued. He wanted to talk to the woman who rescued him, for he thought that she would let him touch the boat to recover images that night. He discovered that this neurosurgeon, Dr. Rowan Mayfair, was the veritable love of his life. After he discovered how much he deeply loved Rowan, he began to reminisce the images of his purpose; that certain elements and images of his childhood hinted him to return to the house he had been fascinated with in New Orleans as a child. Another major character of the story, Englishmen Aaron Lightner, was a part of an archaic organization known as the "Talamasca". Aaron studied a family called the Mayfairs in New Orleans, because his organization had believed the Mayfairs to be witches. He devoted his life to the history of the Mayfair witches, and his organization had compiled a history of the Mayfairs since the days of the 17th century inquisition in Europe. As he watched Michael and Rowan from the corners of darkness, he intervened their lives to enlighten their knowledge of Rowan's family history—and its dangerous potential. Rowan did not know a single thing of her family history, as she was left in the dark her whole life by her aunt

Lecture Fm

Vietnam National University – HCMC International University SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION COURSE SYLLABUS BA016IU Fundamentals of Financial Management 1. COURSE STAFF Lecturer: Ms. Phan Ng? c Anh, MBA Room: #205 E-mail: [email  protected] edu. vn Consultation hours: Thursday OR by appointment (preferred) Teaching Assistant: TBA Should the students wish to meet the staff outside the consultation hours, they are advised to make appointment in advance. 2. COURSE INFORMATION Prerequisite courses: Principles of Accounting 1 2. 1 Teaching times and LocationsLecture: Saturday, 13:00 – 16:00 Venue: C102 1 2 2. 2 Units of Credit: 3 credits 2. 3 Parallel teaching in the course: N/A 2. 4 Relationship of this course to others BA207U – Fundamentals of Financial Management provides students with basic concepts of financial management. The course is provided based on foundation knowledge of financial accounting and economics. This course may fulfill requirements of curric ulum for students majoring in business administration in general; however is the foundation for students majoring in finance and accounting.For those students that major in finance and accounting, they can take higher level of courses in finance after this course, to count for some, Corporate Finance, Financial Institutions and Market, Investment and Portfolio Management, International Finance, etc. 2. 5 Approach to learning and teaching Employing the interactive learning and problem-based teaching approach, this course emphasizes the interaction between lecturers and students. The lecture materials will be uploaded in Blackboard to help the students to preview the materials and to concentrate on listening and critical thinking during the lecture.This will help students to interact with the lecturer during the classroom. The sessions for presentations and discussions comprise company case studies as well as answering some theoretical and conceptual questions, which help the students to see how the concepts are applied in the real international business context. Students will present the case to the class and discuss with the peers. 3. COURSE AIMS AND OUTCOMES 3. 1 Course Aims The aim of this course is to expose students to and familiarize them with the theoretical frameworks and practical matters of financial management..The learning experience will include: an introduction to financial management; time value of money; techniques of pricing of financial instruments such as bonds and stocks; evaluation of major projects; the relationship between risk and return; an introduction to Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and Portfolio theory; and cost of capital and capital structuring. 3. 2 Student Learning Outcomes After completing the course, students should be able to: * Explain the purpose, goals, and importance of financial management; * Understand the relationship between risk and return; Understand time value of money and possess skills to convert financial t ime values; * Make basic valuation of bonds, stocks, and investment projects; * Evaluate capital budgeting alternatives, using the firm’s cost of capital in conjunction with internal rate of return and net present value techniques; * Compute cost of capital and capital structure. 3. 3 Teaching Strategies The learning system in this course consists of lectures and discussions. Lectures elaborate the appropriate theoretical content in the textbook and readings.Classes provide a more detailed and refined analysis of both concepts and applied materials. Classes are strongly oriented towards interactive discussion of the text and cases. 4. STUDENT RESPONSIBILITIES AND CONDUCT 4. 1 Workload It is expected that the students will spend at least eight hours per week studying this course. This time should be made up of reading, research, working on exercises and problems, and attending classes. In periods where they need to complete assignments or prepare for examinations, the workload may be greater. 4. 2 AttendanceClass Attendance is Mandatory. Roll will be taken by random quizzes’ submissions at times of classes. University regulations indicate that if students attend less than eighty per cent of scheduled classes they may be refused final assessment. Exemptions may only be made on medical grounds. 4. 3 General Conduct and Behavior Beepers, cell phones, and pagers need to be turned off before entering the classroom. The students are expected to conduct themselves with consideration and respect for the needs of the fellow students and teaching staff.Conduct which unduly disrupts or interferes with a class, such as ringing or talking on mobile phones, is not acceptable and students will be asked to leave the class. 4. 4 Keeping informed The students should take note of all announcements made in lectures or on the course’s Blackboard. From time to time, the university will send important announcements to their university e-mail addresses without pro viding a paper copy. The students will be deemed to have received this information. 5. LEARNING ASSESSMENT 5. 1 Formal RequirementsIn order to pass this course, the students must: * achieve a composite mark of at least 50; and * make a satisfactory attempt at all assessment tasks (see below). 5. 2 Assessment Details Two Class tests 30% Mid-Term Exam 30% Final Exam 40% Total 100% Mid-term Exam and Final Exam: Mid-term and final test will be a combination of short answer questions, application problems and multiple-choice questions and will cover all the reading, homework, and lectures associated with the topics noted on the reading list. 5. 4 Class participationStudents are expected to attend class regularly, and are responsible for materials covered during their absences. Although it is the responsibility of the student for non-attendance, the lecturer has full authority to drop a student for excessive absences. 5. 5 Special Consideration Request for special consideration (for final examination only) must be made to the Office of Academic Affairs within one week after the examination. General policy and information on special consideration can be found at the Office of Academic Affairs. 6. ACADEMIC HONESTY AND PLAGIARISMPlagiarism is the presentation of the thoughts or work of another as one’s own (definition proposed by the University of Newcastle). Students are also reminded that careful time management is an important part of study and one of the identified causes of plagiarism is poor time management. Students should allow sufficient time for research, drafting, and the proper referencing of sources in preparing all assessment items. The university regards plagiarism as a form of academic misconduct, and has very strict rules regarding plagiarism. 7. STUDENT RESOURCES 7. Course Resources Required textbook: Brealey, R. A. , Myers, S. C. and Marcus, A. J. , Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, 5th ed, McGraw Hill 2007 Note: the course will cover Chapter 1 – 12 Recommended readings: Recommended website: http://highered. mcgraw-hill. com/sites/007353062x/information_center_view0/ http://www. mhhe. com/business/finance/corpfinonline/. Choose â€Å"Finance Tutor Series†. www. finance. yahoo. com www. bloomberge. com www. reuters. com www. vneconomy. com www. efinance. com. vn Other recommended books: Brigham, E. F. and Houston, J. F. 2007), Fundamentals of Financial Management, 11th edn, South-Western. Ross, S. A. , Westerfield, R. W. , and Jordan, B. D. (2010) Fundamentals of Corporate Finance – 7th ed, McGraw Hill. Additional materials provided in Blackboard The lecturer will attempt to make lecture notes and additional reading available on Blackboard. However this is not an automatic entitlement for students doing this subject. Note that this is not a distance learning course, and you are expected to attend lectures and take notes. This way, you will get the additional benefit of class interaction and demonstra tion. 7. Other Resources, Support and Information 1 Additional learning assistance is available for students in this course and will be made available in Blackboard. Academic journal articles are available through connections via the VNU – Central Library. Recommended articles will be duly informed to the students. 8. COURSE SCHEDULE: Week| Topic| Learning materials| 1| Introduction to corporate financeIntroduction CorporationGoals of the corporationAgency problemsFinancial DecisionInvestment DecisionFinancing DecisionDividend PolicyRoles of Financial ManagerWhy corporations need financial markets?Functions of financial markets and intermedias| Textbook, Chapter 1| 2| Time Value of MoneyBasic conceptsTime line/ Future values (FV)/ Present values (PV)Simple interest rate (SR)/ Compound interest rate(CR)Multiple cash flowsFuture value of Multiple Cash FlowsPresent value of Multiple Cash FlowsPerpetuity cash flowsPresent Value of a PerpetuityOrdinary annuity cash flow/ Annuity d ue cash flow Future Value of an AnnuityPresent Value of an Annuity| Textbook, Chapter 4| 3| Time Value of Money (Cont. Growing ordinary annuity cash flow/ Growing annuity due cash flow Future Value of an growing annuityPresent Value of an growing annuityMortgate loansInflation and time value of moneyReal versus nominal cash flowsEffective annual interest ratesQuiz 1| Textbook, Chapter 4| 4| Bonds and their evaluationBond characteristicsBond evaluationCoupon bonds, semi-annual coupon bondsZero-coupon bondsBond yieldCurrent yieldYield to maturity (YTM)Rate of returnRelationship between market interest rate and bond priceBond premiums and bond discounts| Textbook, Chapter 5| 5| Stock and their evaluationEquity versus debtCommon stocks Preferred stocksBook values, Liquidation values, and Market valuesStock valuation: Dividend Discount Model (DDM)Zero growth common stocksConstant growth common stocksDifferential growth common stocksPreferred stocksGrowth stocks and Income stocksMid-Term| Textbook, Chapter 6| 6| Project Investment Criteria and Capital Budgeting DecisionCapital budgeting decisionCapital budgeting processProject classificationsNet Present Value (NPV) methodInternal Rate of Return (IRR) methodPayback Period (PP)/ Discount Payback period (DPP) methodProfitability Index (PI)| Textbook, Chapters 7| 7| Project Investment Criteria and Capital Budgeting (Cont. Principles of identifying cash flowsCalculating Cash Flows Capital investmentOperating cash flowsInvestment in working capitalTerminal-year incremental cash flowMinicaseQuiz 2| Textbook, Chapter 8| 8| Introduction to Risk, Return and Opportunity Cost of CapitalIntroduction relationship between Risk and ReturnHistorical overview of risk and returnRates of returnMeasuring riskVariance and standard deviation Risk and diversificationDiversificationAsset versus portfolio riskVariance and standard deviation of returns for a two-asset portfolioUnique risk versus market risk | Textbook, Chapters 10| 9| Risk, R eturn and capital budgetingMeasuring market riskConcept of betaPortfolio betasRisk and returnCapital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)Security Market Line (SML)Capital budgeting and Project Risk| Textbook, Chapter 11| 10| Capital Structure and Cost of CapitalMeasuring capital structureMarket versus book weightCost of capital Cost of debtCost of preferred stocksCost of equityCost of retained earningWeighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)WACC and business evaluation| Textbook, Chapter 12| 11| Revision| | ——————————————– [ 1 ]. This is adapted with kind permission from the University of New South Wales.

Does Singapore Government Really Care Social Work Essays

Does Singapore Government Really Care Social Work Essays Does Singapore Government Really Care Social Work Essay Does Singapore Government Really Care Social Work Essay Since the 1980s Singapore authorities has started to recognize that the population is acquiring older. Statisticss have shown that by 2030 the aged in Singapore will treble to about 900,000. The steps taken by the authorities includes making elder-friendly installations and comfortss in every lodging estate. Recently, the authorities has besides looked into the employability of the aged who wish to go on working. Housing and Development Board ( HDB ) , Ministry of Manpower ( MOM ) and Ministry of Social and Family Development ( MSF ) are the authorities bureaus which have direct impact on every older individual in Singapore. Aged bend to HDB, MOM and MSF for their lodging, work and public assistance issues severally. These authorities bureaus are viewed as the faces of the authorities. Housing policies have been tuned to the publicity of societal integrating of our seniors by non segregating them from the remainder of the population so that they could age in topographic point . HDB has put in attempts to make barrier-free handiness in the reinforced environment to promote mobility of the aged. A scope of health care and eldercare programmes and services have been rolled out to back up caregiving and let aged to be engaged in the society. The authorities besides recognised the desirableness of employment and employability of the aged for their fiscal security. Although lodging policies and programmes are in topographic point to look into the countries like easing the common attention and support by the households of the older occupants, we feel a sense that the authorities is taking for a strong accent on the person and household autonomy. Harmonizing to the HDB, the assorted strategies rolled out by them are meant to assist the aged to age in topographic point and to let them to hold intergeneration adhering with their households. One of the steps taken by the HDB is by raising the higher-income ceiling for drawn-out households to purchase subsidised HDB flats to advance intergeneration bonding. However, many of such applications have turned out to be simply investing for the younger household members and there is no statistics to demo that how many elderly have benefited from this strategy. This is particularly true when the recent launching of the Executive Condominiums ( EC ) bing 1000000s of dollars by the private developers. HDB besides launched the Married Child Priority Scheme and Higher-tier CPF Housing Grant to promote married kids to remain with or near their parents. On paper, this strategy would profit the aged as their kids are nearby so that whenever they need aid, their kids would be at that place for them. However, this has in fact benefited the younger coevals as they could acquire a grant of up to $ 30,000 if they opted to populate nearer to their aged parents. The purpose by the HDB is good but the younger coevals will believe otherwise. They will take advantage of the pecuniary addition and subsequently do a net income from the sale and travel someplace else. Ultimately, non many of the kids would be populating near their parents when they are truly in demand of their aid. We are besides non certain how the intergenerational relationship of these households even though they are still populating nearby. Another similar strategy is the Higher-tier Singles Grant which is given to promote sing les to populate with their parents. There is no statistics to demo that whether the aged are still remaining with their individual kid after they have collected the flats. HDB has implemented the Monetisation options to enable aged to unlock place equity for retirement income. For those with alternate topographic point to remain e.g. with kids, other relations or with another belongings, they may take to sell their flats to recognize the full lodging equity for retirement demands. Another option will be to sublease their flats under HDB s Approved Subletting Scheme. HDB besides encourages the aged to downgrade by selling their bing flats and purchasing a smaller 1. HDB has resumed constructing 3-room and 2-room flats in 2004 and 2006, severally. This is to promote the higher proportion of aged families purchasing little flats than that for larger flats. Aged are besides encouraged to travel to Studio Apartment ( SA ) which are located nearer to comfortss such as market, nutrient Centres and the easy handiness of public conveyance. In add-on, the HDB has besides rolled out the Lease Buyback Scheme in 2009 to assist the aged aged 62 and above life in 2 o r 3-room flats to monetise their level value whereby they could have monthly income and go on to populate in same level, community and environment. However, all these strategies merely help those who have their flats and who have adequate hard currency to purchase the SA but non those who do non have any belongings or those who are disadvantaged. They are left to fend for themselves and hold to seek aid from assorted public assistance administrations. Harmonizing to the HDB study, they have been turn overing out the Undertaking LIFE ( Lift Improvement A ; Facilities Enhancement for Elderly ) since 1998 to heighten the mobility of the aged. This undertaking has been rolled out in phases and the mark completion of the whole undertaking will be in 2014. The strategy has taken such a long clip to finish has made us inquire what went incorrect with the executing of the undertaking. It has been reported that the HDB has been dragging its pess in the implementing of the strategy to assorted estates based on their petition and demands. HDB has besides politicized this strategy by non offering the life upgrading to certain wards because they are under different political party or their Town Councils ( TC ) have non made any formal petition. If any aged happened to be populating in a ward run by a different political party or the TC has non made any formal petition, so they would hold to go on walking up their stepss as their precedence wo uld be last. Recently, HDB has besides looked into the betterment of the life environment for less comfortable aged in rental flats. It has been reported that lifts have been modified to halt on every floor, where possible. Non-slip floor tiles, support manus saloon in lavatory, alarm dismay system, etc. are installed in all rental flats. In fact, all these fixtures were eventually put up after legion ailments by the aged life in those flats and the public assistance administrations looking after that country have voiced their concern of the safety of the aged life in those rental flats. Several public assistance orgainisations have reported that before the upgrading the aged life in those rental flats were less nomadic and needed more aid and were frequently neglected. With all these strategies in topographic point, HDB has projected to the state as a caring authorities section for the aged. HDB needs to recognize that there are loopholes in their old strategies and non many elderly have benefited from those strategies. They are traveling to rectify their old errors by establishing another strategy under the Integrated Studio Apartments ( ISA ) which comes with elderly-friendly characteristics and infinites provided for societal and community installations. These ISA are being integrated with larger HDB flats for better occupant mix of immature and old and to ease more societal interaction. Children can purchase larger level types in same block to populate near parents. Since this is a reasonably new strategy, we have yet to see the result of the undertaking. HDB and the TC are in the procedure of doing public lodging environment barrier-free. Ramps and linkways to ease wheelchair entree are being planned and built. All these installations were projected to be completed by 2011. However, non all the lodging estates benefited from this environment barrier-free undertaking. Again the HDB was seen to politicise this undertaking by offering to certain estates where the Members of Parliament ( MP ) have made the petition. HDB and TC have non been seen as merely giving lip service and non pre-emptive plenty to supply senior friendly installations to the estates. Many lodging estates are still waiting thirstily for the undertakings to make their door stairss. HDB and TC are still dragging their pess in the execution of this undertaking even though we are already in 2013. Although HDB and the TC have been stressing that they will go on to measure and modify the lodging landscape in expectancy of demographic alterations and lifestyle demands, they have non done good in this country. They need to seek for new lodging signifiers to provide to the aged in the close hereafter and demand to work closely with other bureaus and administrations to supply community-based attention and support services to the aged. On the employment forepart, in 2011 Budget, Ministry of Manpower ( MOM ) seems to hold done a great occupation by turn overing out the Particular Employment Credit ( SEC ) to make a hard currency inducement for employers to use older workers. This SEC will enable the employers to have reimbursement of hard currency for the employment of aged if they wish to use any older worker. Under the SEC commissariats, the employer would have six-monthly reimbursements numbering 8 % of each of the older worker s part to the Central Provident Fund ( CPF ) over the twelvemonth. Hence, the employer would merely hold to pay the other half of the parts. The SEC is to promote the employment of the older low-wage workers. This is to complement other steps to hike the employment rate of older workers. The SEC strategy was enhanced in Singapore s 2012 Budget to enable an even bigger pool of older workers to measure up. However, this strategy merely benefited a little pool of aged who are still fit to wor k. Those who are frail would non acquire anything from this strategy. The authorities current system is still stressing on the minimum province outgo and in promoting of a strong work moral principle. However, the authorities does non recognize that there would be societal costs like many disadvantaged aged slipping through the spreads. It appears that the system fails to supply an equal safety cyberspace for the aged who are hapless and entirely, the aged unemployed, the handicapped aged and many unsupported older people. Sad to state, our authorities will merely supply the basic societal aid philanthropically, but non an entitlement footing. This is true to our Public Assistance Scheme which is limited via rigorous standards to merely those deserving individuals or households populating in acute poorness who are unable to work due to old age, unwellness or disablement and have no household member able to help. Our quickly ageing population and holding a big proportion of disadvantaged aged has created a vacuity in our wellness attention and other societal outgo. Although the authorities has assured that the aged will acquire immense subsidy for their medical attention, most of the aged prefer to remain off from the infirmaries in order non to burthen their kids with the high medical cost. Although the authorities late announced a $ 20 million addition in passing on specialist professional societal workers to supply more effectual aid to needy elderly, there are non many takers who are willing to function in the societal service or public assistance administrations where they could acquire better work environment and wages in other sectors. Overall the authorities has done a just spot to assist the aged. But we feel that the authorities is still fearful to dunk deeper into their pockets to supply more aid for the aged fearing that more would look to the authorities for aid. Hence, the authorities is merely giving lip service in several countries and still keep their base on single and household autonomy no affair how disadvantaged you are. The authorities will go on to maintain their custodies off on any province public assistance on the aged. It has been a pattern since and the authorities will non alter their accent on the communal duty for back uping the aged who are disadvantaged and entirely. It would look that although our authorities has recognized grounds of increasing adversity amongst the aged, they are still loath to dunk into their pockets for a public assistance safety cyberspace.

Definition and Examples of Prepositional Adverbs

Definition and Examples of Prepositional Adverbs In English grammar, a prepositional adverb is an  adverb  that can also function as a  preposition. Unlike an ordinary preposition, a prepositional adverb is not followed by an  object. An adverb is a word used to describe or modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Adverbs can help describe how an action is performed (carefully, happily, quickly), when an action takes place (before, after, daily, weekly), or where an action takes place (here, there, inside, outside). A preposition, meanwhile, is a word used to show direction, location, or time (on, at, over, near). It is a word that introduces a prepositional phrase, which usually ends with an object. Prepositional phrases include expressions such as on the ground, by the store, and near the wall. English words that can function as prepositional adverbs include the following: about, above, across, after, along, around, before, behind, below, between, beyond, by, down, in, inside, near, on, opposite, out, outside, over, past, round, since, through, throughout, under, up, within, and without. Phrasal Verbs Prepositional adverbs  (also called  adverbial particles) are also used to form  phrasal verbs. These are idiomatic expressions, usually consisting of a verb and an adverb or a verb and a preposition, that form a single semantic unit. Examples include phrases such as see to, pulled up, call on, give in, and hold back. Phrasal verbs are also known as compound verbs or multiword verbs. What makes them unique is the fact that their meaning is not the sum of their parts, as Grover Hudson points out in Essential Introductory Linguistics. Hudson offers the example of throw[ing] up, an action that doesnt involve either throwing or a direction up. Another good example is call off, meaning to cancel. The meaning of the verb call is transformed by the addition of the prepositional adverb off, creating an entirely new meaning. A single verb can be made into several different phrasal verbs, each with their own distinct meaning, by adding different prepositions. For example, the verb come can be turned into come up (with) (to think of an idea), come in (to enter), come across (to find), or come forward (to offer information).   Examples One way to spot prepositional adverbs is to look for prepositions that do not have corresponding objects. In many cases, these words are serving as adverbs: We were playing records, Mama, listening to the radio, just hanging around. Mama, just hanging around.(Annie Lou in Waiting for MacArthur, a play by P. Paullette MacDougal. Dramatic Publishing, 2003)Ring-a-ring-a-roses,A pocket full of posies;Hush! hush! hush! hush!We’re all tumbled down.(Kate Greenaways Mother Goose or the Old Nursery Rhymes, 1881)He called her up, she said oracularly, he called her up, and asked her to keep you at the telephone, so he could talk to Miss Louise. A thankless child is sharper than a serpents tooth.(Mary Roberts Rinehart, The Circular Staircase, 1908)After he finished wiping his shoes, he stepped inside.In the last quarter of the game, their fans cheered them on.In the middle of the investigation, an informant came forward with valuable information.As they passed by, they saw all kinds of amazing sights through the window of the train. In each of these examples, the adverb (around, down, up, inside, etc.) is a word that can also serve as a preposition. In each case, though, the word is not used to  form a prepositional phrase. In other words, each preposition (which functions as an adverb) appears without an object, making it a prepositional adverb. Pure Prepositions vs.Prepositional Adverbs In The Elements of English Grammar, George Philip Krapp writes that [t]he difference between the pure preposition and the prepositional adverb is illustrated by the following two sentences: He ran up the stairs.He ran up a bill. In the first sentence, stairs is the object of up. The expression up the stairs is a  prepositional phrase  modifying the verb ran. In the second sentence, however, bill is not the object of up, and up a bill is a not a prepositional phrase modifying the verb ran. Rather, the word up is acting as a prepositional adverb modifying the verb ran. Together, the two words form the phrasal verb ran up, an expression whose distinct meaning has nothing to do with the act of running.

Framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Framework - Essay Example This paper reviews and compares the methodologies, recommending the best strategy to develop the system. Analysis Fixit’s Nature of business Fixit TV repairs and video repairs deals with the repair of various electrical and electronic equipment while also selling part of the equipment. The employee base of the enterprise is made up of proprietor, who deals with customers and does most of the repair work, a part-time administrator who deals with the book-keeping and bill payments, and a team of sub-contractors who are brought in as necessary. At present the day-to-day running relies heavily on the proprietor’s memory or is written on a scrap of paper. As indicated, at the moment all procedures are manual, repairs are logged as they arrive, and the equipment and the customer details together the descriptions of the fault are always noted, giving each job a unique job ticket. The ticket has a unique number and contains the customer demographic details, the equipmentâ€℠¢s details and the fault’s description. As a result of the complexities associated with the current procedure, the business through its proprietor seeks to implement a new system to run the business operations. However many question arise in how to develop the system. Questions How can the requirement be captured How can these requirements be conceptualized How can the system design be implemented, tested and debugged How will it be documented? How can the system be integrated, evolved, maintained and finally decommissioned? Comparison Agile development approach and object oriented design have various features which make them significant though distinctively separate. The main distinction is the approach in which the developer employs to realize an end product. The agile development approach involves a set of software development approaches which are founded on incremental and iterative development (Satzinger, Jackson& Burd 2012). On the other hand, object based design is a p rocedure of planning a scheme of relating objects for the reason of resolving a software issue. The primary thing to consider in the assertions is the reality that one encompasses planning while the other employs emergent and incremental development approaches. To begin with agile development approaches, it utilizes some principles and practices which can be glowered upon by various developer who favor planning and implementation of plan as opposed to bind coding. The major setback with this approach is that the design models do not need to model each single detail. The models do not require to be complete and perfect. This implies that an iterative methodology is utilized whereby no specifics are being operated with, instead they are operated on in tandem with the deliverable system. The other challenge relates to the documentation of the end system. With the case of agile development approach, the documentation of the system though essential is not accorded the much desired emphas is as it is the case with object oriented design(Yourdon 1994). Instead, the agile approach focuses on unit tests to form a greater part of the documentation of the design. Now as we develop the system using the agile approaches and procedures guided by spiral or waterfall model, without the presence of

Riordan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Riordan - Essay Example nformation, and products over the internet and includes aspects like establishment of new markets, money transfer, and ordering of products, services or information. For Riordan, E-business considerations include identifying organizational requirements which in this case include reduction of costs and to promote growth and profits. The company also focuses on exceeding ISO 9000 standards and leading in R&D while offering innovative solutions and establishing long term relations with customers. In establishing long term relations with clients located in different geographic locations like Vancouver and New York where the company is not present, long term relationships with this customer and others will be required (Yasin, Czuchry, Gonzales, & Bayes, 2006). Additionally, having introducing e-business will mean creation of new markets since the company already has a strong brand in the manufacture of medical supplies and stents, bottler and beverage containers, airplane parts, automotiv e part s and others. The presence of the right professionals is needed such that the right implementation taskforce of experts is present and representing all company departments. Given that the bottles are to be delivered long distances from the manufacturing facility, e-business consideration needed is to ensure that customer is well informed about production and delivery at all times. Riordan also needs to collect information from the customer about potential markets in Canada and New York while gathering information about other similar manufacturing companies in the regions (Yasin, Czuchry, Gonzales, & Bayes, 2006). This way, Riordan will develop the ability to sense and respond to market needs, as well as stimulate market demand and search for new markets. For customers located far and wide, the manufacturing process of the organization will shift to customized just-in-time manufacturing or demand-driven production. This way, Riordan will manage to provide customers with

HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

HRM - Essay Example Though there is not universal solution to the problem of cultural differences in ethical concepts, it is recommended that certain elements of both ethical absolutism and ethical relativism approaches, as well as the principle of considering the context of each particular situation should be the basis of the code of ethics and of IHRM decision-making processes. Introduction The HR system of any organization has to perform a complex set of interrelated and interdependent tasks that ensure effective functioning of the organization. Among the roles of HR departments are, according to Mote (2011), â€Å"planning, implementing, and managing recruitment, as well as selection, training, career and organizational development initiatives within an organization.† Furthermore, HR management involves aligning the goals and needs of an employer with those of the employees so that the parties cooperate with the same objectives and goals in mind. These tasks become even more complicated in re lation to international HRM, since in this case the organization has to also take into consideration peculiarities of working in multiple locations and in different cultures. On this matter John R. Deckop and John Raymond Deckop outline that these days human resource management and development are becoming â€Å"an integral part of national initiatives to develop competitive workforces† (Deckop and Deckop 2006, 91) in the countries the company operates in. Furthermore, HRM also involves dealing with ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to identify and analyze some of the major IHRM challenges an MNC may face operating worldwide. In particular, such issues as core human values, local cultures and decision-making context in international environment will be analyzed form the perspective of corporate and human ethics. These specific areas of international business have been chosen for deeper analysis since they appear to be some of the most critical for development and success of company’s operations overseas. Furthermore, in the international context ethics, according to Donaldson, means following the three basic principles for international ethics: Respect of core human values, Respect for local traditions, Believing that context matters when determining the right and the wrong (Donaldson 1996). In addition, the key principles and advantages of effective CSR practices will be outlined with the purpose of clarifying the role of CSR in corporate culture and operations, as well as determining the financial benefits of completing well-designed CSR initiatives. Findings MNC’s Operations: Exploitation or Cooperation? Multinational corporations, being large and influential organizations, attract much attention of governments, local authorities, interest groups and other representatives of the communities they operate in. This is especially true in relation to the ethical concepts an orga nization brings into the society, and employment-related practices in particular (Briscoe, Schuler and Claus 2008,136). Briscoe, Schuler and Claus (2008, 136) mention that, while companies entering foreign markets claim bringing great advantages to the county, in reality

Policing in the United States Essay Example for Free

Policing in the United States Essay Does homeland security issues influence the way police enforce the law? Please give an example. I agree with the statement that homeland security issues do influence the way the police enforce the law. My reasons for doing so will make most people agree with me. If a country is very strict about its homeland security issues example the United States after the 9/11 attacks, the police will have a more autocratic role to play. In contrast to this, a country which is seemingly lax about its security issues such as India (where policemen are not equipped with weapons but with sticks to deal with any anomaly in the law and order situation) or even the United States before the September 11 attacks, will see the police play more of a peace keeping role than a reformatory and punishing one. If the country is at high risks from terrorists, policemen will be influenced such that they will be more stringent in their duty performance, will check every suspicious person or suspicious looking immigrant etc. similarly, if the country is at risk from bomb threats or hijacking threats, the policemen will be more then strict in the performance of their duties. So the circumstances of a country do affect police enforcement of the law. An apt example over here (if an example of a country other then the US can be given) can be given of Pakistan and the emergency it imposed in November 2007. The police were given sweeping powers such that they could arrest people without proper investigation all in the name of maintaining proper law and order in the country (Thomas , 2006). Does Policing in the United States presents a dilemma between the rights of the individual and the need to maintain public order? Please explain and give an example. To this question, my answer would also be yes. I would say this is mainly because of the September 11 attacks and the big affect it has had on our country’s security. On one hand, the United States condones the rights of individuals and declares human beings’ sanctity to be above that of the Higher Being. But on the other hand, its law enforcement methods, particularly in regards to immigrants, especially Muslims, leave a lot to be desired. If the Human Rights act gives everyone permission to freely practice their religions, then this country has no right to subject certain people to greater suspicion only on the basis of their religion (Anthony, 2001). Similarly, the rights of an individual grant him the freedom to live his life as he seems fit. At the same time, police often interrupt bar room brawls and arrest drunkards. So this is not following the human rights act to its letter. An example of this conflict between the rights of individuals and the need to maintain public law and order is of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp on the shore of Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Rights of individuals are abused there such as keeping them in indefinite detention, torture, beatings, locking in confined cells and sleep deprivation. But the United States government under George Bush argued that such measures were necessary if the American Public was to sleep safe at night as the men were all dangerous terrorists and criminals. Now President Obama has ordered the detention camp to be closed but it is still an apt example when discussing the above statement. Q3: How does the era of Homeland security affect community policing? Please explain and give an example. Community policing involves expansion of police functions and no longer a stress on traditional police duties. It proposes big changes in the way things have always been done including organizational change, liaison with external sources to solve problems and a more proactive approach to solving problems. It deals in many different areas such as school safety where it recommends assigning police officers to schools and educating teenagers on the danger of possessing firearms to police integrity which targeted trust between the community and the police. It was a relatively adequate policy until the disastrous September 11, 2001 attacks where the police were forced to rethink their strategy. They started concentrating more on pressing security concerns and terror attacks and suddenly this Community Policing system was termed inadequate (Wesley , 2003). I disagree with this current policy because in my opinion, Community Policing was a very balanced approach, where service provision, crime control and order maintenance were given equal weight age. It is followed now to a lesser extent because policemen are now too busy addressing security concerns to concern themselves with building a healthy relationship with the community. But seeing the benefits of this method, the country has started adopting it in its spirit again such as the number of people being employed by the US Police Department is steadily increasing over the years. References Book Thomas, F. A. (2006). Police Field Operations. Prentice Hall. Anthony, M. (2001). Public Order and Law . Boydell Press. Wesley, G. S. (2003). Community Policing. Wadsworth Publishing.