HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

HRM - Essay Example Though there is not universal solution to the problem of cultural differences in ethical concepts, it is recommended that certain elements of both ethical absolutism and ethical relativism approaches, as well as the principle of considering the context of each particular situation should be the basis of the code of ethics and of IHRM decision-making processes. Introduction The HR system of any organization has to perform a complex set of interrelated and interdependent tasks that ensure effective functioning of the organization. Among the roles of HR departments are, according to Mote (2011), â€Å"planning, implementing, and managing recruitment, as well as selection, training, career and organizational development initiatives within an organization.† Furthermore, HR management involves aligning the goals and needs of an employer with those of the employees so that the parties cooperate with the same objectives and goals in mind. These tasks become even more complicated in re lation to international HRM, since in this case the organization has to also take into consideration peculiarities of working in multiple locations and in different cultures. On this matter John R. Deckop and John Raymond Deckop outline that these days human resource management and development are becoming â€Å"an integral part of national initiatives to develop competitive workforces† (Deckop and Deckop 2006, 91) in the countries the company operates in. Furthermore, HRM also involves dealing with ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to identify and analyze some of the major IHRM challenges an MNC may face operating worldwide. In particular, such issues as core human values, local cultures and decision-making context in international environment will be analyzed form the perspective of corporate and human ethics. These specific areas of international business have been chosen for deeper analysis since they appear to be some of the most critical for development and success of company’s operations overseas. Furthermore, in the international context ethics, according to Donaldson, means following the three basic principles for international ethics: Respect of core human values, Respect for local traditions, Believing that context matters when determining the right and the wrong (Donaldson 1996). In addition, the key principles and advantages of effective CSR practices will be outlined with the purpose of clarifying the role of CSR in corporate culture and operations, as well as determining the financial benefits of completing well-designed CSR initiatives. Findings MNC’s Operations: Exploitation or Cooperation? Multinational corporations, being large and influential organizations, attract much attention of governments, local authorities, interest groups and other representatives of the communities they operate in. This is especially true in relation to the ethical concepts an orga nization brings into the society, and employment-related practices in particular (Briscoe, Schuler and Claus 2008,136). Briscoe, Schuler and Claus (2008, 136) mention that, while companies entering foreign markets claim bringing great advantages to the county, in reality

Policing in the United States Essay Example for Free

Policing in the United States Essay Does homeland security issues influence the way police enforce the law? Please give an example. I agree with the statement that homeland security issues do influence the way the police enforce the law. My reasons for doing so will make most people agree with me. If a country is very strict about its homeland security issues example the United States after the 9/11 attacks, the police will have a more autocratic role to play. In contrast to this, a country which is seemingly lax about its security issues such as India (where policemen are not equipped with weapons but with sticks to deal with any anomaly in the law and order situation) or even the United States before the September 11 attacks, will see the police play more of a peace keeping role than a reformatory and punishing one. If the country is at high risks from terrorists, policemen will be influenced such that they will be more stringent in their duty performance, will check every suspicious person or suspicious looking immigrant etc. similarly, if the country is at risk from bomb threats or hijacking threats, the policemen will be more then strict in the performance of their duties. So the circumstances of a country do affect police enforcement of the law. An apt example over here (if an example of a country other then the US can be given) can be given of Pakistan and the emergency it imposed in November 2007. The police were given sweeping powers such that they could arrest people without proper investigation all in the name of maintaining proper law and order in the country (Thomas , 2006). Does Policing in the United States presents a dilemma between the rights of the individual and the need to maintain public order? Please explain and give an example. To this question, my answer would also be yes. I would say this is mainly because of the September 11 attacks and the big affect it has had on our country’s security. On one hand, the United States condones the rights of individuals and declares human beings’ sanctity to be above that of the Higher Being. But on the other hand, its law enforcement methods, particularly in regards to immigrants, especially Muslims, leave a lot to be desired. If the Human Rights act gives everyone permission to freely practice their religions, then this country has no right to subject certain people to greater suspicion only on the basis of their religion (Anthony, 2001). Similarly, the rights of an individual grant him the freedom to live his life as he seems fit. At the same time, police often interrupt bar room brawls and arrest drunkards. So this is not following the human rights act to its letter. An example of this conflict between the rights of individuals and the need to maintain public law and order is of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp on the shore of Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Rights of individuals are abused there such as keeping them in indefinite detention, torture, beatings, locking in confined cells and sleep deprivation. But the United States government under George Bush argued that such measures were necessary if the American Public was to sleep safe at night as the men were all dangerous terrorists and criminals. Now President Obama has ordered the detention camp to be closed but it is still an apt example when discussing the above statement. Q3: How does the era of Homeland security affect community policing? Please explain and give an example. Community policing involves expansion of police functions and no longer a stress on traditional police duties. It proposes big changes in the way things have always been done including organizational change, liaison with external sources to solve problems and a more proactive approach to solving problems. It deals in many different areas such as school safety where it recommends assigning police officers to schools and educating teenagers on the danger of possessing firearms to police integrity which targeted trust between the community and the police. It was a relatively adequate policy until the disastrous September 11, 2001 attacks where the police were forced to rethink their strategy. They started concentrating more on pressing security concerns and terror attacks and suddenly this Community Policing system was termed inadequate (Wesley , 2003). I disagree with this current policy because in my opinion, Community Policing was a very balanced approach, where service provision, crime control and order maintenance were given equal weight age. It is followed now to a lesser extent because policemen are now too busy addressing security concerns to concern themselves with building a healthy relationship with the community. But seeing the benefits of this method, the country has started adopting it in its spirit again such as the number of people being employed by the US Police Department is steadily increasing over the years. References Book Thomas, F. A. (2006). Police Field Operations. Prentice Hall. Anthony, M. (2001). Public Order and Law . Boydell Press. Wesley, G. S. (2003). Community Policing. Wadsworth Publishing.

Improper Waste Disposal Effects of

Improper Waste Disposal Effects of This research paper explores about waste management and effects of improper waste disposal. This paper defines and elaborates the importance of having waste hierarchy or the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) as the concept of waste management. In the resource article, they define waste management as recycling and monitoring of waste products. In other resources, they have the same definition. It also tells about the proper way of doing of waste hierarchy by giving examples. Different types and forms of waste are indicated in this paper. According to some articles that were read, human activities are the main cause of the calamity in our country. Ignorance of people brought large amount of garbage to our place. And since effects of improper waste management is the main topic, it gave emphasize to those effects according to the resource articles. Effects to humans and environment are cited in this paper. Proper waste management is not just doings of government for us but we are also assigne d to do it inside and outside our place for our safety. Each and every one of us must have sense of responsibility in terms of garbage disposal to prevent any disaster that might come. WASTE MANAGEMENT Waste Management refers to the recycling, processing, transport, assortment, and monitoring of waste products. The waste products are mainly of three types: solid, liquid or in gas state. Solid waste is known as non-biodegradable waste Materials and discards that come from sources like: Households Businesses and Commercial establishments Manufacturers or Industrial sites Biomedical sources like hospital and clinics. For Example: plastics, Styrofoam containers, bottles, cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash Solid wastes are generally composed or made of non-biodegradable and non-compostable Biodegradable materials. What is Pollution Caused by Solid Waste? Solid waste pollution caused when the environment is filled with non- biodegradable and Non- compostable biodegradable waste that is capable of emitting greenhouse gases, toxic fumes, and particulate matters as they accumulate in open landfills. These waste are also capable of leaching organic or chemical compositions to contaminate the ground where such waste lay in accumulation. Solid wastes thrown in streets, highways, and waterways can cause pollution when they are carried off by rainwater run-offs or by flood water to the main streams or drainage, as they contaminating residues will reach larger bodies of water. Liquid waste is waste in liquid form. For example: Domestic washing, chemicals, oils, waste water ponds, manufacturing industries, hospital waste, agricultural waste, nuclear waste and other resources. What Is Pollution Caused by Liquid Waste? Cause by flows out as waste waters from the toilets, kitchens and bathrooms of residential houses, toilets and canteens of commercial establishments. Such wastewater is termed as sewage. (Pongrà ¡cz, 2002) Concepts of waste management Human activities also donate to increase the waste. Different process are used to handle each state. There are lots of concepts about waste management which differ in their usage as per the varying regions or countries. Some of the widely used concepts include waste hierarchy: reduce, reuse, and recycle. II. STATISTICS OF WASTE PER DAY According to MMDA Chairman Francis Tolentino, they have collected over 1,000 tons of garbage in just 4 days. They have dredged 1,200 tons of garbage from the eight creeks that scope of their flood control management. The highest volume of garbage according to them came from Pinagsabugan and Longos creeks in Malabon. Its about 76 over 173 truckloads of waste. Imagine the volume of garbage in just only eight creeks. How about the total of volume of waste in the Philippines? In just statistics, we can see what calamity it can cause when these garbage are not being collected. III. FORMS OF WASTE There are two forms of Garbage: Bio-degradable and Non- Biodegradable. Biodegradable is known as materials that decompose through by of bacteria, fungi, and other living organisms. In everyday living substances that are biodegradable or can be degraded include food refuse, dried leaves, grass clippings, woods, animal, human flesh and others. Non-Biodegradable is materials that do not decompose or cannot be degraded for so many years. This form of garbage is the main reason of the clogging of drainage. Waste Hierarchy is the only way to avoid these: reduce, reuse, and recycle. Common examples of non-biodegradable garbage are plastics, bottles, old machine, cans, Styrofoam containers and others. Most plastics are made of petroleum-based, meaning they are made from oil and other petroleum substances. Until recently, plastics have been non-biodegradable. IV. SEGREGATION OF WASTE Segregation is specifically separation of garbage according to their groups. It is easily for them to manage the recycling process of the garbage. This way the waste hierarchy is needed, the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). The first R is reducing. Waste reduction is conservation- using natural resources in right manner, and using things less than they usually do to avoid large amount of waste in future. They can practice reduction of waste through buying products that do not need to be added to waste stream in general. They can start making wise package selection. Second R is for reusing. They can reuse materials from their original form rather than throw it. They may not cost much to replace, but at least, number of waste will be decreased. Instead of buying new durable materials (washing machine, dryers, refrigerator, etc.) when the old one breaks or damaged, why not repair? Or maybe they can give it to those who can use it. Most of the times the item can be repair by those people. That is also form of reusing. New is not always better, nor it is always necessary. They can save money and they will be helping their environment. Last R stands for recycling. Do not just toss everything in the trash. Lots of things such as cans, bottles, paper, and cardboard can be remade into either the same kind of thing or even new products. Making new items from recycled ones also takes less energy and fewer resources than making products from brand new materials. There is nothing wrong with it. Recycling is not impossible. In fact, it is very easy to do. Do not throw anything that can be recycled. Here is a list of things you may be able to recycle: Writing/Copy Paper Glass (particularly bottles and jars) Cardboard Electronic equipment Glass (particularly bottles and jars) Magazines Metal Newspaper Steel Cans (Rudnitsky..nd) Grocerys Plastic Bags Plastic Bottles Paper Aluminum cans Damaged or corroded roof VHS tapes Old toys (you can donate it) Tires Car battery Scrap wood or furniture They can use their imaginations in order to create new usable materials. There is so much we can do with every little effort. And most important, we can save ourselves and a lot of money when we are at it. Determine the things that must be reduced, keep those can be reuse, and set aside those can be recycled. In that case, we can avoid so many disasters that might come. V. CAUSES Contributing causes of improper waste management are: Ignorance: Ignorance of people about proper waste disposal. People are unaware of consequence of their unwise acts. Laziness: Can cause improper garbage disposal because People not following the correct rules of proper waste disposal their always throw it what place they want and they have no care what will be the effect of it. Greed: Can cause improper garbage disposal for example burning of tires of wheel and plastic instead of keeping it or trade the excess automobile car tires to maximize on it. VI. EFFECTS OF IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL Affects our health Like lung diseases, Heart problems, skin irritation, problem or abnormality in breathing and more. Affects our coastal and marine environment Hazardous waste, if dumped into the environment, leeches into the ground and the ground water. The ground water is used for lots of things you may not realize, like watering the local fields, which grow the food people eat. And worst part is most communities get their drinking water from down there, too. Like in marine environment improper waste disposal can affect too like floating of contaminated killed fish in the sea and due to excessive excretion of the sea can be infested by mosquitoes that may scattered to numerous diseases in humans and can cause death of hundreds of people living near it like Manila bay. Affects our climate As some waste decomposes, it releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Like trapping of heat on earth that may effect of abnormality of weather condition like more storm or typhoon coming per year is happening until now. The earth is suffering it already. Air pollution The open burning of waste causes air pollution or greenhouse effect. For example burning of rubber and plastic. Landfill gas (which is produced by the decomposition of wastes) which can be explosive and may harm people around on it if it is allowed to accumulate in confined spaces (such as the cellars of buildings). Methane gas (one of the main components of landfill gas) is much more effective than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas, leading to climate change that may effect of destruction of atmosphere of the earth or abnormality of weather condition. Fires on disposal sites can cause major air pollution, causing illness like cancer and reducing visibility or may lead in eye irritating thus making disposal sites dangerously unstable. May cause explosions of cans, and possibly spreading to adjacent properties. Soil contamination Soil contamination is caused by the presence of man-made chemicals, the softness of the ground, having smelly soil vapor and other alteration in the natural soil environment. This type of contamination typically arises from the leaching of wastes from landfills or incorrect disposal of industrial wastes to the soil. The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, lead and other heavy metals. Human Health Impacts The group at risk from the unscientific disposal of solid waste includes the population in areas where there is no proper waste disposal method or no proper disposal area, especially the pre-school children; waste workers; and workers in facilities producing toxic and infectious material. Other high-risk group includes population living close to a waste dump and those, whose water supply has become contaminated either due to waste dumping or leakage from landfill sites. Infections to humans Skin irritations and blood infections resulting from direct contact with waste, and transmitting bacteria from waste to infected wounds. Eye irritations and respiratory malfunctions resulting from exposure to infected dust, especially during the process of disposing garbage. Pest and Insects that carry bacteria comes from dirty waste: a. Flies breed in some constituents of solid wastes, and flies are very effective vectors that can spread disease to humans. b. Mosquitoes breed in blocked drains and in rainwater or dirty seas that is retained in discarded tires, cans and other objects. Mosquitoes spread disease, including malaria and dengue that killed thousands of people in every year. c. Rats find shelter and food in waste dumps and canals. Rats consume and spoil food and can damage the crops of farmers or crops of people that have business on it, spread disease, damage electrical cables and other materials and inflict unpleasant bites to humans. (Sisa,2009) VII. CONCLUSION It is very sad to know that many lives have been sacrificed because of these calamities that have come. Many places in the Philippines are down to flood every time when typhoon comes. And worst, a large number of families have lost their shelters and have nothing left for them. Their wealth was ruined by those storms, floods, etc. We are experiencing very hot weather because of greenhouse effect and global warming. Many kinds of diseases occur because of untidy surroundings. Others can no longer smell the breath of fresh air. All of these are the effects of improper waste management. There are still many of them actually. Imagine a single piece of candy wrapper can cause a flood to a certain area when you throw it anywhere and others do it also. One car can cause air pollution for it emits smoke. A single lighted cigarette also will do. Dynamite fishing can not only kill fish and corals, but also those who will eat it because of the chemical came from the dynamite they used. These ar e all cause by human activities. And now they are asking themselves why it is happening to them? Others have the guts to accuse our government for poor response. How pathetic! Yes, our government has their own failures but they are not only the one to blame. Ask yourself first how much waste you throw anywhere you want before blaming others. Only immature people will think that they are innocent on what is happening to our country in terms of improper waste management. Proper waste management can be successfully done not only by the program of the government. We can also do it inside and outside our place. If we know how to use it by the concept of waste hierarchy, fewer problems will be encountered. Stop barking at the people and do our thing first. The cleanliness and orderliness of our country is in the hands of every Filipino. Let be our doings be the model of proper waste management.

Pros and Cons of the Mandatory Seatbelt Law Essay -- Pro Con Essays

An enormous division currently exists between the people who believe that automobile safety should be an option and those that feel it must be a requirement. The federal government feels the morally obligated to create the safest driving environment possible. On the other end of the spectrum, opinions exist that the average driver has ability to make the choice of safety on their own. Editorials, political assemblies, debates, and conversations have arrived on the concept of click it or ticket. This idea refers to ticketing any motor vehicle driver and passenger that is not fastened by a seat belt. Arguments have been made for both sides, and have been reviewed in multiple states. One particular article has been written, by Dr. Walter E. Williams, that discussed the negatives of click it or ticket, and has actually demoralized this idea (Williams 2003). The article is properly titled 'Click It or Ticket', and was written in the fall of 2004. His educated opinions reflect one side of the controversial argument; however also contain bias statistics and opinionated logic. Dr. Williams has researched the programs purpose and actions and feels strongly against the policy (Williams 2003). His motive of convincing readers to side with him exists in his tone of rebellion, astonishment, and confusion. His argument lies on the basis of opinion and not practicality. On the other hand, his reasons are just and well-explained, and therefore make for a liable argument. Dr. Williams provides statistics, facts, and general observations to collectively explain his view of the click it or ticket policy (Williams 2003). The first area of Dr. Williams? argument focuses on government responsibility, rights, and laws (Williams 2003). His ge... ...ay of laws and reasonable policy. Dr. Williams is obviously an individual of knowledge and pride, however, his education may not provide the key his views of positive policy. Instead of viewing the governments? attempt at safety as a negative authority, he should reflect on the physical benefits instead of the intangible conflicts. Therefore, the ?Click It or Ticket? article described one way of viewing a current law of governing safety. Dr. Williams clearly disagrees, but an audience should generally view the attempt at safety as the proper acts of government as opposed to the negative. Safety is a necessity for a civil society, and click it or ticket laws allow for a safer than nothing transportation situation. This should be appreciated and will eventually quiet all critics by accurate statistics of saved lives while maintaining a reasonable spending platform.

Architecture: Classical Greek vs. Medieval Gothic

Architecture: Classical Greek vs. Medieval Gothic Wendy DeLisio HUM_266 September 24, 2012 Taniya Hossain Architecture: Classical Greek vs. Medieval Gothic Looking at the design of different structures throughout the world, one may not realize the beauty of the art in each of them or the ideals on which they were constructed. For example the classical Greek era, 480 BCE – 330 BCE that held the ideals of order, balance, and God like perfection. This type of idealist architecture is seen in the Parthenon temple built in 447-432 BCE (Ancient-Greece. rg, 2012). The temple is built in tribute for the Goddess Athena, Goddess of war and wisdom. It is a post and lintel structure with columns fashioned in Greek Doric style. There are also the beautiful cathedrals built during the Middle Ages in gothic style that give society insight into the culture of that age. The architecture of these times were heavily influenced by religion and Christianity and designed to elevate the spirit of ma n toward God (Apollo Group, Inc. , 2012).One example of this time is the architectural design is the Amiens Cathedral. Originally built in 1152 BCE but was destroyed by fire; reconstruction started in 1220 CE and was completed in 1245 CE (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, 2012). In the design of this cathedral it is evident that the architect is influenced by the Christian religion, from the three archways representing the trinity and the middle archway adorned with a statue of Christ, it was built as a place of worship.These remarkable structures, each a piece of art, are both built with divine intentions, stand in stark contrast to each other, influenced by the culture of the age. Although both classic Greek and gothic architectures are built to define the ideals and beliefs of their age and have differences, the classic Greek architecture of order and balance has influenced and are used within the gothic medieval constructions. There are differenc es between the formal and stylistic characteristics of the classic Greek architecture and the gothic rchitecture of the medieval age. Classic Greek architecture is made of stone resting on stone with nothing but pressure holding them together. This is best exemplified in Greek temples, such as the Parthenon. The Parthenon is a post and lintel structure, built of lime stone and marble which were the common building materials of that age (Sporre, 2010). Using these types of materials limited the architect’s use of space. In order for the building to stand without the roof collapsing many columns were needed to hold the roof up.These columns, known as Doric columns because of their style, were made of marble and the pressure of the stone roof resting on them held them together. The Parthenon was with many beautiful states, from the metopes that are a series of carved panels forming the Doric frieze telling stories of the history and battles of the Gods, to the towering statue of the Goddess Athena for which it was built. The Parthenon and other Greek temples were meant to be revered from the outside as a center piece of the city, a monument to the Gods of that age. Gothic architecture, unlike classic Greek, used stone masonry.By using stone masonry they were able to create arches and redistributed the pressure of the stones enabling the structures to be built taller. They also created what is called a buttress and used this to hold up walls and arches as reinforcement. Gothic architecture was considered ethereal and focused on the use of space (Sporre, 2010). A beautiful example of gothic architecture was the Amiens Cathedral. Towering into the heavens, with strong arches, symmetrical lines, and ornate workmanship, this cathedral was a show piece for the city in which it was built and exuded spirituality.These cathedrals were meant to inspire one to look toward the heavens with extremely high ceilings and ornate stain glass window placed strategically towa rd the roof causes one to look upward. Like classic Greek temple, they were adorned with beautiful statues. However, the states were of the Christian Saints, and other religious symbolism. The Amiens Cathedral was meant as place to enter and worship, as were all cathedral of the medieval era. Even though there are differences between these two styles of architecture, they are a testament to evolution of how societies have grown and evolved.One can see this in the similarities of these two styles. Classic Greek architect’s used repetition in the arrangement of the columns holding up the roof of the Parthenon. Gothic architect’s used repetition in the creation of the arches on the facade of the Amiens Cathedral. The gothic cathedrals are built with order and as are the Greek temples. One can see that gothic architecture evolved out of classic Greek. The most interesting aspects of the classic Greek architecture were the way the buildings were constructed with marble ston es and no use of mortar or cement and the beautiful engravings on the metopes are mesmerizing.Gothic architecture is gorgeous. The creation of colored lighting through the placement of stained glass and the construction of the arches holds one captivated. Both styles of architecture are fascinating because of the elaborate detail and styles of construction that it took to create the beautiful structures during those eras. Even though each of these styles have their differences, clearly the classic Greek influences can be seen in the buildings of the medieval time period and in today’s architectural structures.References Ancient-Greece. org. (2012). The Parthenon. Retrieved from http://www. ancient-greece. org/architecture/parthenon. html Apollo Group, Inc. (2012). Medieval Gothic Cathedrals [Online Video]. Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/UOPHX/HUM266/art_through_ages. html Sporre, D. J. (2010). Reality Through The Arts. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentic e Hall. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. (2012). Amiens Cathedral. Retrieved from http://whc. unesco. org/en/list/162

A window of the world Essays

A window of the world Essays A window of the world Paper A window of the world Paper Television advocates often claim to present window on the world a picture of reality which gives viewers unprecedented access to the world outside their community or country. When television was first created many, such as Lord Reith, the first BBC general director and others claimed that even then that television would be a window of the world. However, is this statement valid now, if indeed it ever did. To insinuate that television is a window of the world is to imply that observing the television is the same as looking out of a window in a house, however, the difference is a television set allows the audience to choose anybodys window of the world to look out of. To a certain extent television does represent a window of the world. The reason for this is television allows the audience to see and experience other cultures, other countries that they may not, if it was not for the existence of television. Another argument is that television portrays life through different genres such as the news, documentaries and soap operas especially. An example of television being a window of the world is the broadcasting of the Iraqi War as we saw pictures of what life was like in Iraq before and after the war. We also saw the statue of Saddam Hussein being torn down. During the war we were saturated with images of the war, which we have never seen before. However, it could also be claimed that the news, especially during war time does not give us a window of the world due to broadcasting laws, and censorship, also they have to be careful of what images they use as they may be distressing. Also, on the first year anniversary of the attack on the World Trade Centre, the BBC broadcasted a documentary called 9/11, which filmed the two aeroplanes hitting the Twin Towers as it actually happened. In addition, it depicted how the fire fighters dealt with the crisis. Thus, this could be described as being a window of the world because it shown an important event as it unfolded. Another genre where it could be argued that represents a window of the world is soap operas, as soaps often portrays contemporary issues, such as domestic violence, paedophilia, and mental illnesses. In addition, often when we watch television we occasionally relate to characters in soap operas or in other types of television programmes, suggesting that the audience knows people who are like the characters, like friends or families, alternatively, they could have gone through similar experiences to a character, thus, suggesting that soap operas do in some way depict reality. Allen states that One of the most popular images of a daytime soap opera is one who cant tell the difference between reality and fiction. A small minority of viewers does believe what they are watching is reality, and as a result viewers may send wedding presents when characters in the soap are getting married, or may attack a soap villain when they see them on the street. For these people, television is truly a window of the world. However, it is argued that very few people do behave in this way and can differentiate between reality and fiction. However, events in soap operas such as Eastenders or Coronation Street happen during a short time span, whereas in real-life it would happen during a longer period of time, and thus cannot represent real-life. Also, in viewers lives they have periods of dullness and inactivity, however, this is rare in a soap characters life. In addition, soaps sometimes adapt news stories to make into a storyline, for example during the 1980s there were growing incidents of aids, and lead to schedules being saturated with programmes discussing, reporting and analysing the growing Aids crisis. In addition, the more realistic and grittier soap operas such as Eastenders and Brookside began using it in their storylines. However, it could be argued that television does not represent a window on the world. The reason for this is because television programmes is constructed of highly selective images of what goes on in the world. Thus, television creates someone elses view of the world rather than reflecting. Also, television does not represent a window on the world because television programmes is acted, and edited. Thus, television is carefully constructed to appeal to the target audience. In addition, television may represent a window on the world for some, however, some programmes may be biased towards subjects such as politics or religion, therefore, and some programmes may not represent everybodys view without leaning towards one viewpoint. In conclusion this essay has addressed the question To what extent does television represent a window of the world? To a certain extent television does represent a window of the world as it portrays real-life events. However, it does not always represent television as a window of the world as television can be biased and does not represent everyones window of the world.

Education Theories Designing Goals

Education Theories Designing Goals Introduction For effective learning to take place, it is important for the teacher to carefully draw clear and concrete learning goals. With the goals at hand, the teacher can then look for materials that will help him or her to achieve the stated learning goals (Blackburn, 2007). Later on, it is important for the teacher to evaluate the outcomes that emanate from the process of learning.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Education Theories: Designing Goals specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The unit of instruction for this study is, human sexuality, meant for children aged between 12 to 13 years. It is a very interesting and exciting topic to children in this age group. At these ages, the children are now entering into adolescence. They may have a lot of questions on human sexuality that might be shy to ask. Some parents or guardians may be unwilling to discuss this subject with them. There may be a lot of phys ical and emotional changes that are taking place in their bodies. The teacher should be aware of the changes happening in the children before he comes up with a set of learning goals for this topic. To effectively teach human sexuality to children aged between 12 and 13 years, a set of learning goals are essential to help the teacher effectively deliver this topic. The learning goals should be geared towards understanding the body changes, sexual urges, and improving communication skills in the children. In each of the goals, the teacher should aim at creating awareness to the students through giving explanations with the use of illustrations and interpreting the concepts so as to deepen their meanings (Wiggins McTighe, 2005). In some cases, it is important to offer some insightful points. Tactful methods can be applied to help the students identify their ignorance in some of the obvious issues relating to human sexuality. Despite human sexuality being an interesting and exciting to pic to students, it is also a very sensitive topic. The teacher should be able to draw the students’ view points and approach the topic from the entry behavior of the students. This will enable him or her narrow the scope of what to cover in this area. Understanding the body changes of the students The teacher’s objective here is to make the students aware that there are changes that take place when they reach the ages of 12 and 13 years. The teacher will clearly explain to the students these body changes. It is important for the teacher to use illustrations where applicable to make the students better understand the topic.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, the teacher may deepen the voice to demonstrate one of the physical changes expected to happen in boys. The teacher may draw a boy with beards. Students should be able to identify the bod y changes that take place in boys and girls. It is important also for the teacher to interpret and elaborate the meanings of new terminologies in the topic. For instance, some students may be hearing the term, â€Å"Menstrual cycle† for the first time. The students should also know how to cope with those changes and understand that they are normal. Some of the changes that take place may affect the children emotionally. They might also lower the self esteem of the students. The girls may feel shy because of their developing breasts. The boys may feel shy too when their faces are full of pimples. When girls experience the menstrual cycle for the first time, they probably do not know how to deal with it. It is therefore good for the teacher to offer them emotional support or empathy. Improving communication skills To counter the emotional effects that come about because of body changes, it is important that the children know who to communicate with. The students should be made aware that they should talk to their parents, guardians, teachers or respected adult persons of choice for instance, relatives. Children should be encouraged to share or ask the questions that they may have. Group activities and especially outdoor activities should be used to encourage communication with their peers. Sexual urges One of the objectives here is to make the students aware that they may get attracted to members of the opposite sex. The teacher should therefore explain to students that it is normal for them to be attracted to members of the opposite sex and it is healthy. However, he or she should caution them on engaging on premarital sex. The students should be able to identify the dangers associated with premarital sex like unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. The students should be able to identify the various sexually transmitted diseases and know their signs and symptoms.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Educatio n Theories: Designing Goals specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Learning outcomes The teacher should then come up with a list of learning outcomes to ensure that the goals have been met. One of the outcomes is that the teacher should expect is that students should be able to remember what was covered in the human sexuality study. Various methods can be used to test the students’ understanding of the concepts. The teacher may test for these outcomes by asking the students some questions like, â€Å"What are some of the body changes that a boy is likely to experience at the age of 13 years?† A teacher may also ask, â€Å"What are some of the dangers associated with premarital sex?† Another learning outcome that the teacher should look forward to is whether the topic was well understood by all his or her students. The teacher can know this by use of comparative questions. This will require that the students compare two things. For example, a teacher may ask the students to compare the signs and symptoms of two sexually transmitted diseases. The teacher may also ask the students to compare the body changes found in boys with those that are found in girls. The teacher should find out if the students are able to apply what they learned in the topic of human sexuality. The teacher may ask the students to outline some of the body changes they have seen in their peers. The teacher may ask the students to write an essay on an issue relating to human sexuality. He or she may ask the students to write essays on the impacts of teenage pregnancies. With use of a group question asking the students to discuss, the teacher can know if the students are able be able to analyze human sexuality. The teacher may ask the students to discuss HIV and AIDS as one of the dangers of engaging in premarital sex. The students should be trained on how to be responsible and avoid behaviors that would make them get infected with sexua lly transmitted diseases (Bolin, 2009). A teacher may give a motion in class asking students to debate on relationships between girls and boys. This way the teacher would encourage communication skills among the students. The teacher may also encourage the students to ask any questions that they may have regarding sexuality.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With this, the teacher may be able to evaluate the wrong perceptions on human sexuality that the students may have and correct them. Conclusion For effective delivery of any given topic, good learning goals should be designed. To assess the effectiveness of the learning goals, the learning outcomes must also be generated. References Blackburn, B. (2007). Classroom Instructions from A to Z : How to Promote Student Learning. New Jersey, USA: Eye on Education. Bolin, A., Whelehan, P. (2009) Human Sexuality, Biological Psychological and Cultural Perspectives.New York, NY, USA: Taylor Francis. Wiggins, G., McTighe, J. (2005). Understanding by design (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall.

100 of the Most Common Kanji Characters

100 of the Most Common Kanji Characters With three different ways of writing, the Japanese language may seem intimidating to new students. Its true that memorizing the most common kanji symbols and other scripts takes time and practice. But once youve mastered them, youll discover a means of written communication unlike anything youll see in the English language. There are three writing systems in Japanese, two phonetic and one symbolic, and all three are used in tandem. Kanji Symbols Kanji is symbolic, or logographic. It is the most common means of written communication in the Japanese language, with more than 50,000 different symbols by some estimates. However, most Japanese can get by with using about 2,000 different kanji in everyday communication. A single kanji character can have multiple meanings, depending on how it is pronounced and the context in which it is used. Hiragana and Katakana Hiragana and katakana  are both phonetic (or syllabic). There are 46 basic characters in each. Hiragana is used primarily to spell words that have  Japanese roots or grammatical elements. Katakana is used to spell foreign and technical words (computer is one example), or used for emphasis. Romanji Western characters and words, sometimes called romanji,  are also common in modern Japanese. Typically, these are reserved for words derived from Western languages, especially English. The word T-shirt in Japanese, for example, consists of a T and several katakana characters. Japanese advertising and media frequently use English words for stylistic emphasis.   For everyday purposes, most writing contains kanji characters because its the most efficient, expressive means of communication. Complete sentences written only in hiragana and katakana would be extremely long and resemble a jumble of letters, not a full thought. But used in conjunction with kanji, the Japanese language becomes full of nuance. Kanji has its historical roots in Chinese writing. The word itself means Chinese (or Han) characters. Early forms were first used in Japan as early as A.D. 800 and evolved slowly into the modern era, along with hiragana and katakana. Following Japans defeat in World War II, the government adopted a series of rules designed to simplify the most common kanji characters to make them easier to learn. Elementary school students have to learn about 1,000 characters. That number doubles by high school. Beginning in the late 1900s, Japanese education officials have added more and more kanji to the curriculum. Because the language has such deep historical roots, literally thousands more kanji have evolved over time and are still in use. Common Kanji Characters Here are 100 of the most frequently used kanji in Japanese newspapers. Newspapers give a great representation of the best and most useful kanji to learn because you are more likely to come across these characters in day-to-day use.   æâ€" ¥ sun ä ¸â‚¬ one Ã¥ ¤ § big Ã¥ ¹ ´ year ä ¸ ­ middle ä ¼Å¡ to meet ä º º human being, people æÅ" ¬ book æÅ"ˆ moon, month é• · long å› ½ country å‡ º to go out ä ¸Å  up, top Ã¥   10 生 life Ã¥ ­  child 分 minute æ  ± east ä ¸â€° three è ¡Å' to go Ã¥ Å' same ä »Å  now é «Ëœ high, expensive 金 money, gold 時 time 手 hand è ¦â€¹ to see, to look Ã¥ ¸â€š city 力 power ç ± ³ rice è‡ ª oneself å‰  before 円 yen (Japanese currency) Ã¥ Ë† to combine ç «â€¹ to stand 内 inside ä ºÅ' two ä ºâ€¹ affair, matter ç ¤ ¾ company, society 者 person Ã¥Å" ° ground, place ä º ¬ capital éâ€"“ interval, between ç” ° rice field ä ½â€œ body Ã¥ ­ ¦ to study ä ¸â€¹ down, under ç› ® eye ä ºâ€ five Ã¥ ¾Å' after æâ€" ° new 明 bright, clear æâ€" ¹ direction éÆ' ¨ section .Ã¥ ¥ ³ woman å… « eight Ã¥ ¿Æ' heart å›› four æ °â€˜ people, nation Ã¥ ¯ ¾ opposite ä ¸ » main, master æ ­ £ right, correct ä » £ to substitute, generation è ¨â‚¬ to say ä ¹  nine Ã¥ °  small æ€  to think ä ¸Æ' seven Ã¥ ± ± mountain Ã¥ ®Å¸ real å… ¥ to enter 回 to turn around, time Ã¥   ´ place 野 field éâ€"‹ to open ä ¸â€¡ 10,000 å… ¨ whole Ã¥ ®Å¡ to fix Ã¥ ® ¶ house Ã¥Å'â€" north å… ­ six å•  question è © ± to speak æâ€"‡ letter, writings å‹• to move Ã¥ º ¦ degree, time çÅ"Å' prefecture æ ° ´ water Ã¥ ®â€° inexpensive, peaceful æ °  courtesy name (Mr., Mrs.) å’Å' harmonious, peace æ” ¿ government, politics ä ¿  to maintain, to keep è ¡ ¨ to express, surface é â€œ way ç› ¸ phase, mutual æ„  mind, meaning ç™ º to start, to emit ä ¸  not, un-, in- å…š political party

Super size me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Super size me - Essay Example Over a 30-day period, Spurlock further stops any and all exercise routines to further reflect the impact of McDonalds foods on human physiology. Outside of the physical effects, the film illustrates how the media impacts consumers to reflect what Spurlock believes is an unacceptable method of coercing Americans to indulge in fast food. Throughout the course of the film, Spurlock examines several decades worth of television commercials released by McDonalds since the 1970s, in order to depict how the media is able to coerce both children and adults into eating at the fast food chain. These commercials depict playful animated characters, who dance and sing with the prospect of being taken to McDonalds to indulge in greasy food (Sowers, 2006). From a psychological perspective, Spurlock comes to realize that McDonalds is using visual imagery, in the pursuit of stimulating a pleasurable connection between the fast food company and its menu items. Further, in the film, the well-known character, Ronald McDonald, is shown as a leader to children, engaging in pleasurable activities such as community basketball and various sporting events. This tends to indicate, to a less-sophisticated person in terms of identifying media influences, that McDonalds is a community-minded organization and that implicit trust should be given to the chain because of their charming spokesperson. Outside of the visual imagery, Spurlock further points out non-print media attempts to build a stronger loyalty to McDonalds with the insertion of signs and banners, all over the United States (and released by McDonalds), which promote the need to super size meals. Supersizing involves increasing the food portions by a significant margin, thus increasing the fat and caloric value of the food. Though Spurlock is somewhat biased in his approach to the film, he maintains a

Causes and Effects of the U.S. Unemployment Research Paper

Causes and Effects of the U.S. Unemployment - Research Paper Example Simply put, it is the lack of a job. Let’s consider different types of unemployment prevailing in the United States. Frictional unemployment is one of the most common forms in any job market whereby transitions in the job market make people jobless only temporarily. For instance, a person who has not started his/her new job after resigning from his previous job is experiencing frictional unemployment. Another form is the structural unemployment in which case the job market usually does not have enough capacity to absorb qualified people in a given field who have undergone training. For instance, the emergence of the web-based economy saw the enrolment of many people for the course across the United States, making it hard for them to find jobs in the field upon graduation, since there was already a surplus of qualified people in the field (Milan 37). This type is also common in economies experiencing slow or negative growth rates in certain fields. Cyclical unemployment refers to the changes in employment patterns that relate to the cyclical changes in a given economy characterised by highs and ups. Recessions and economic booms are the factors upon which this type is defined. During the recession periods, the market is not capable of providing employment for many employees in a given sector, hence, making them be unemployed until the economy rebounds. There is the newly introduced type known as technological unemployment in which the introduction of new automated and computerised systems lead to layoffs and lack of job openings in previously employing industries of firms. The last category is the seasonal employment, which refers to a situation whereby rates of unemployment vary according to the yearly seasons, with some having many job opportunities while others hardly having any. Another example of this type is represented by the tourism sectors in many countries where the frequency of tourists changes with seasons, with drier seasons having high rates of employment while the winter leads in unemployment rates (Markus 87). Causes of unemployment There are many reasons the economic and social development experts, as well as politicians, point to as the causes of unemployment in the United States of America. The first is the country’s population, which is projected to be a factor on an upward trend. Analysts say it has led to a higher ratio of unemployment among the citizens. The argument is that jobs have remained relatively the same due to mechanization and computerization of many production systems while the population rises. There is severe competition on indigenous companies from foreign companies, which have cheap labour in their home countries hence being able to produce cheaply and consequently leading to lower pricing of goods. This has resulted in the closure of several companies across the country with the obvious effect of leaving their employees jobless. Many companies are embracing the practice of flattening th eir structures to facilitate smooth operation of business, in contrast to the tall company structures. Others have introduced software that can carry out several tasks at once, taking the place of several persons at once. Outsourcing of cheap labour from other parts of the world is also a common occurrence among

HIST 2112 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HIST 2112 - Essay Example While industry had been around for quite a while before the turn of the century, this was the first time it became nearly impossible to survive in a purely rural environment. At first, many skilled workers joined unions in an attempt to save their jobs from unskilled machine workers who could do the exact same work in a factory as them for cheaper and more quickly. This did not last long, however, as more cooperation was needed for success. Often times, the actions of these unions would lead to violence, which means more problems would be caused by their protests than would be solved by them. The Coal Strikes between 1900 and 1902 became somewhat of a national crisis, as coal was a necessary commodity. The workers did gain higher wages and less hours with these strikes, although the government refused to admit that the union had anything to do with this. As time moved on, workers attempted to create a union for all to be a part of, which would end the wage system and would give the w orkers the power. These attempts were suppressed by the capitalists, however, as they knew that paying too much in wages would put a damper on the significant profits they were making during this time period. The entrepreneurs got the government involved in these disputes in order to protect their interests. The government knew that it was in its best interests to keep the capitalist entrepreneurs happy, so it did whatever it could to prevent the workers from winning these disputes. These unions were, however, important because they allowed for wages to rise and hours worked to fall for skilled workers in the United States. The lives of African Americans between 1877 and 1928 were transitional, as African Americans began to search for a niche in American society. In 1877, North troops left the South, which meant that former African American slaves in the South could no longer rely on them for political protection. Many issues

Effects of recession on marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Effects of recession on marketing - Essay Example During such times, people show preference to the basic products and eliminate the secondary products most of which they can survive without. This stifles the operation of some manufacturers who operate on such secondary products. Knowing the reduced spending, the companies become more articulating in their expenditures since the market does not promise the effective returns as always. They therefore plan their spending trying to sell as much of their product in the uncertain times. Companies therefore engage in unorthodox marketing strategies with the aim of improving their product visibility and possibly sales. While the market is always compelled to use the basic products such as food products and clothing, the purchasing trend changes and becomes characterized by low rates of purchase and purchase in smaller quantities. The trends worsens for some specific products and services considered secondary by the markets. Such products include electronic and leisure services thereby hampe ring the productivity of the tourism sector. Leisure for example is a mode of relaxation in which people engage during specific times. Additionally, such leisure activities are costly and therefore require a lot of money. Most people therefore prefer to remain at home and spend three times with their families thereby saving on the additional and often unnecessary spending through the holidays. Additionally, recessions result in job losses thereby rendering the financial status of some families unpredictable. While they suffer shocks, they detest spending and therefore control their finances stringently often showing preference to the basic products. The reduced market activities require specific marketing strategies to ensure that products and services perform favorably enough to...While this did not change much, the company relies on a number of production features to increase its marketing process thereby increasing its product visibility in the market at relatively lower costs. A mong such is the diversification of its products among the different market segments (Bogomolova, 2011). The soft drinks manufacturer produces an assortment of other products under different names thereby increasing its market base. Among its most common products are coca cola from where it borrows the name, sprite and Fanta among other types of soft drinks and enriched waters. Besides the product diversification, the company sponsors a number of different sporting events through its different products thereby earning relevance and recognition among the lovers of such sports. Looking at the activities of the two giant companies one of which is an electronic manufacturer while the other is a beverage manufacturer, it becomes evident that recessions require effective management including reduced spending. The companies understand the essence of advertisement and therefore spend fortunes on increasing their product visibility. During recessions, even the big corporations control their spending showing preference to more productive venture. One of the budgets that such business revise is their advertising budgets. This therefore validates the creative advertisement mechanisms that some of such corporations employ like the sponsorship deals.

Cloning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cloning - Research Paper Example This is the very reason that an identical clone is formed through this process. The future of cloning depends totally on the new researches which are being done. Cloning Cloning so far has not been successful as it was expected. A sheep dolly was cloned in the year 1996 and it was considered as one of the most successful cloning experiment on an animal. Cloning has never showed any positive results on human beings. Cloning has been approved by many scientists and groups who argue that it holds the potential for many benefits for human beings and can serve to provide results and treatments that other methods have failed to provide. On the other hand, cloning has been rejected on the basis of ethical considerations. It has faced social as well as religious criticism owing to many reasons which include the fact that cloning has not yielded any major benefits as yet and also it serves to challenge the normal working and equilibrium of the world (Human cloning 2011; Phil B). Cloning is a process which can be compared to the stem cell research. Extracting stem cells and using them for curing diseases uses the process of cloning. Currently many research therapies are being carried out to find the viability of the stem cells. A study done in New England Journal of Medicine validates the use of stem cells in the patients who are suffering from leukemias. The research undertook many patients into consideration who were suffering from leukemias and their treatment options. The research then compared the patients who were provided with stem cell transplants with those who were not and it was found that stem cell transplant from newborn babies were effective in treating these patients. Thus it was concluded that leukemias can be treated with effective treatment by adult stem cells based on the process of cloning (Leukemia Patients Survive with Stem Cell Transplant, 2004). Similarly another research done by the UC researchers showed that bone marrow stem cells can be used to effectively treat disorders which are related to the eye. These stem cells can greatly help to cure the genetic eye disorders in children. Research done by the UC researchers was carried out on animals and the tests were positive. This showed that stem cells may also effectively work on human subjects to cure eye disorders (Bone Marrow Stem Cells May Cure Eye Disease, 2007). Not only this, but it was also found that adult stem cells can be used to cure heart attacks by the British physicians. The new treatment helped the heart muscles to recover from the shock that the treatment received. In other words because of the patients own stem cells the patient could recover from a heart attack as their heart muscles could be revived (Julie Wheldon, 2006). Another research carried out on skin cells to make them act as the stem cells worked quite effectively in treating rats with diseases of the brain. Parkisons Disease is one of the examples which the rats were suffering from and showed im provement because of the stem cells. This clearly shows that embryonic stem cells which are considered to be the basic cells of an organism can provide a breakthrough in treatments of different diseases which were previously not curable. (Stem Cells from skin treat brain disease in Rats, 2008). Another research being carried out in Spain shows that stem cells can greatly help to treat genetic disorders such as the Crohn’s Disease. It was found that 20% of the patients on which the stem cell transpl

Bbc story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bbc story - Essay Example However, due to the advancement in technology, there are many options for people to select from the sources of news. Besides TV, radio, and newspapers, there is now internet which provides the latest news at any given time of the day free of cost. This increasing trend has forced the companies to focus just as much on their online presence. The newspaper industry is losing audience to the internet as people are no longer willing to pay for news that they can easily access online for free. Thus, in order to survive, the news companies are not spending big amount to maintain audience both online and offline. A different strategy was adopted by all three of the news companies to compete with each other. BBC was quick in coming up with an online strategy given its vast audience. The company soon announced its decision to go â€Å"digital† under the leadership of Entwistle. The introduction of iPlayer proved to be quite successful both, for the network as well as the VOD market (Andrews, 2012). The main strategy of the company was to focus on vision, audio and music, and digital future media division (Andrews, 2012). The global audience for BBC online is estimated to be 30 million (Horrocks, 2012). Guardian, on the other hand, completely embraced the online media and decided to become â€Å"a digital-first organization† in 2011 (The Guardian, 2011). The company announced that it will be posting complete material online and increase its investment in maintaining audience online as it is the future’s demand. The company is now focusing on reaching out to more people through internet and mobile phones and make efforts to improve its digital services since the entire newspaper industry has been suffering due to this major shift in use preferences (The Guardian, 2011). The guardian is presently the fifth most visited news site in the world with over 30 million online

Effects of recession on marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Effects of recession on marketing - Essay Example During such times, people show preference to the basic products and eliminate the secondary products most of which they can survive without. This stifles the operation of some manufacturers who operate on such secondary products. Knowing the reduced spending, the companies become more articulating in their expenditures since the market does not promise the effective returns as always. They therefore plan their spending trying to sell as much of their product in the uncertain times. Companies therefore engage in unorthodox marketing strategies with the aim of improving their product visibility and possibly sales. While the market is always compelled to use the basic products such as food products and clothing, the purchasing trend changes and becomes characterized by low rates of purchase and purchase in smaller quantities. The trends worsens for some specific products and services considered secondary by the markets. Such products include electronic and leisure services thereby hampe ring the productivity of the tourism sector. Leisure for example is a mode of relaxation in which people engage during specific times. Additionally, such leisure activities are costly and therefore require a lot of money. Most people therefore prefer to remain at home and spend three times with their families thereby saving on the additional and often unnecessary spending through the holidays. Additionally, recessions result in job losses thereby rendering the financial status of some families unpredictable. While they suffer shocks, they detest spending and therefore control their finances stringently often showing preference to the basic products. The reduced market activities require specific marketing strategies to ensure that products and services perform favorably enough to...While this did not change much, the company relies on a number of production features to increase its marketing process thereby increasing its product visibility in the market at relatively lower costs. A mong such is the diversification of its products among the different market segments (Bogomolova, 2011). The soft drinks manufacturer produces an assortment of other products under different names thereby increasing its market base. Among its most common products are coca cola from where it borrows the name, sprite and Fanta among other types of soft drinks and enriched waters. Besides the product diversification, the company sponsors a number of different sporting events through its different products thereby earning relevance and recognition among the lovers of such sports. Looking at the activities of the two giant companies one of which is an electronic manufacturer while the other is a beverage manufacturer, it becomes evident that recessions require effective management including reduced spending. The companies understand the essence of advertisement and therefore spend fortunes on increasing their product visibility. During recessions, even the big corporations control their spending showing preference to more productive venture. One of the budgets that such business revise is their advertising budgets. This therefore validates the creative advertisement mechanisms that some of such corporations employ like the sponsorship deals.

Bbc story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bbc story - Essay Example However, due to the advancement in technology, there are many options for people to select from the sources of news. Besides TV, radio, and newspapers, there is now internet which provides the latest news at any given time of the day free of cost. This increasing trend has forced the companies to focus just as much on their online presence. The newspaper industry is losing audience to the internet as people are no longer willing to pay for news that they can easily access online for free. Thus, in order to survive, the news companies are not spending big amount to maintain audience both online and offline. A different strategy was adopted by all three of the news companies to compete with each other. BBC was quick in coming up with an online strategy given its vast audience. The company soon announced its decision to go â€Å"digital† under the leadership of Entwistle. The introduction of iPlayer proved to be quite successful both, for the network as well as the VOD market (Andrews, 2012). The main strategy of the company was to focus on vision, audio and music, and digital future media division (Andrews, 2012). The global audience for BBC online is estimated to be 30 million (Horrocks, 2012). Guardian, on the other hand, completely embraced the online media and decided to become â€Å"a digital-first organization† in 2011 (The Guardian, 2011). The company announced that it will be posting complete material online and increase its investment in maintaining audience online as it is the future’s demand. The company is now focusing on reaching out to more people through internet and mobile phones and make efforts to improve its digital services since the entire newspaper industry has been suffering due to this major shift in use preferences (The Guardian, 2011). The guardian is presently the fifth most visited news site in the world with over 30 million online

Beautiful Things Essay Example for Free

Beautiful Things Essay The poem A Thing of Beauty by John Keats conveys the message that Beauty is everywhere, and upon examination may be found. The theme of this work is largely centered on nature, as were many of Keats works. In this particular poem Keats describes the affects that beauty can have on a person. Some shape of beauty moves away the pall / from our dark spirits (12-13). According to Keats this beauty never diminishes and its affect is felt long after it is gone. Keats emphasizes that beauty is, Made for our searching, meaning that some people may find beauty in places that others may not (10). The theme of this poem is that beauty can be found anywhere, and when appreciated can be used to raise your spirits in times of gloom. One of the poetic elements Keats uses to express his theme is rhyme. One example of how rhyming can be helpful in conveying the meaning of the poem to the reader is found in the very first two lines of the poem. A thing of beauty is a joy forever: / its loveliness increases; it will never (1-2). Not only do these lines help the reader to understand the theme of the work, the fact that they rhyme makes them even more meaningful. Another example of how Keats used rhyme to express his theme can be found in the very last line of the poem. The poem was written using rhyming couplets; however the last line does not have another line after it with which to rhyme. They always must be with us, or we die (33). This line stands out due to the fact that every other line in the poem is part of a rhyming couplet. By purposely having this line is the last line and by stopping the rhythm that had flowed throughout the poem Keats emphasizes his theme of a need for beauty. Keats used many other poetic elements in this poem. One other poetic element used by Keats in this poem is imagery. Since the poem is about beauty it is important for imagery to be present in order to give the reader a mental picture of what the speaker feels is beautiful. Such the sun, the moon, / trees old, and young sprouting a shady boon / for simple sheep; and such are daffodils / with the green world they live in; and clear rills (13-16). Within these lines the speaker describes things which he finds beautiful. It is imperative that these lines be present so that the reader can imagine  this beauty and begin to relate with the speaker. Enjambment was also used by Keats in the poem. Through the use of enjambment Keats is able to keep his rhyme scheme in tact while still conveying his theme. [un]till they become a cheering light / unto our souls (30-31). The meaning of these lines are very important to the theme of the poem, however, without the use of enjambment Keats would ha ve either had to sacrifice his rhyme scheme, or change the lines which could have potentially altered their meaning. Although much of the world has changed in the time between now and when the poem was originally written, the poems theme still holds true today. With the growth of cities, and urban areas it has become much more difficult to appreciate nature and its beauty. However, even in cities today people can find places to get away and appreciate the nature around them. Such is the case in New York City where residents can travel to central park to immerse themselves in the beauty of nature and open up their souls to the, cheering light. Although it is still possible for people to appreciate nature as Keats did years ago, many people today are lost in the hustle and bustle of the city. The communicative power of nature will always be present for those who wish to observe it, as Keats did, however many people have become oblivious to nature, taking it for granted, and becoming overly obsessed with technology and the man made world in which they live. It is understandable that this has happened in the almost two hundred years since Keats has lived because of the evolution of our society. Although much of nature may go overlooked by some people it will always be there for those who wish to immerse themselves in its beauty.

Comparison of Erikson Kohlbergs Developmental Theories

Comparison of Erikson Kohlbergs Developmental Theories Name the chosen significant developmental aspects and stages of your adult life identify key aspects of each of the two developmental theories Adult development refers to psychological and social changes in an human life. These changes could be fast and gradual. Changes occur at the cellular level and are partially explained by biological theories of adult development and aging. (Hayflick, 1998). These biological changes are often described as theories of human development. Stage theories typically focus on â€Å"age-appropriate† developmental tasks to be achieved at each stage. I have chosen to discuss Eriksons Theory Personality and Kohlbergs Stages of Moral Development. The first chosen developmental aspects and stages of my adult life is Erik Eriksons theory based on human development over a life span (Erikson, 1963). Erikson developed 8 stages starting from childhood, adolescence and adulthood, stages shown below. During each stage, one developmental task is dominant, but may be carried forward into later stages as well. According to Erikson, individuals may experience tension when advancing to new stages of development, and seek to establish equilibrium within each stage. (Glassman Hadad, 2009) The second development aspect and stages of my adult life is Lawrence Kohlbergs Stages of Moral Development (Kohlberg, 1981). Kohlbergs model is based on moral reasoning and ethical behaviour which involves 6 developmental stages. Each stage is grouped into 3 levels; pre-conventional morality, conventional morality and post-conventional morality as shown below. Kohlberg found that moral development was mainly formed around justice and would continue through human life span. Kohlberg was determined to find out how people justify their actions if they were placed in a predicament where their morals were pushed. Progress through Kohlbergs stages happens as a result of the individuals increasing competence, both psychologically and in balancing conflicting social-value claims. Knowledge and learning contribute to moral development. Specifically important are the individuals view of persons and their social perspective level, each of which becomes more complex and mature with each advancing stage. Analyse the chosen developmental events with reference to two major developmental theories. The first developmental event I have chose is Love: Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adulthood) from Eriksons 8 stage theory. This stage typically occurs ages from 20 to 39 years. At the beginning of this stage the previous stage is ending at Idenitiy vs. Role Confusion, which is the part of young adults lives where they still feel the need and urge to fit in with friends. Young adults want to fit in with their peer group and be accepted. Moving into the next stage of having the feeling of either isolation, which is pulling away from intimacy and relationships. This can be evidenced by being afraid of rejections or being hurt and distancing yourself from any type of love interest because of these negative feelings, or be able to form an intimate relationship. Once people have established their identities, they are ready to make long-term commitments to others. They become capable of forming intimate, reciprocal relationship through marriage or close friendships The second developmental event that I have chosen is Level 2- Conventional from Kohlbergs Model. This consists of Stage 3 Stage 4. This level typically occurs at adolescence and young adulthood. Young adults begin to judge the morality of actions by comparing them to societys views and expectations. This is characterised by an acceptance of societys conventions concerning right and wrong. A young adult will obey rules and follows societys norms even when there are no consequences for obedience or disobedience. During Stage 3 of Level 2, young adults enter the social order and conform to social standards. Stage three reasoning may judge the morality of an action by evaluating its consequences in terms of a persons relationships, which now begin to include things like respect, gratitude and the concept of treating others how you would like to be treated. It is important to be liked and fit in with society. In Stage 4 of Level 2 young adults begin to understand the importance of obeying the laws and social conventions in order to maintain a functional society. Stage 4 provides a sense of justice and the ability to determine what is right and wrong. legal responsibility is evident at this stage. Morality starts to become dictated by outside forces. Reflect on your personal responses and experiences in relation to these significant developmental aspects and stages I believe that within my life I am at the developmental stage of each of Eriksons Theory: Love, Intimacy vs. Isolation and Kohlbergs Model: Conventional- Stages 3 and 4 At this point in my life I believe my romantic relationship is at the Eriksons stage of Intimacy vs. isolation as I am getting to a time in my life where I want a serious relationship however I acknowledge that I am frightened of getting hurt and won’t allow myself to open up, therefore I isolate myself to protect my ego from being bruised. Erikson (1963) states that in this stage our egos cannot bear the pain of rejection such as being turned down or our partners breaking up with us. In regards to Kohlbergs Model I believe I am at the Conventional Level and a mixture of both Stages 3 and 4. In my personal relationships I show and also expect respect from others. I also am aware of kindness and privileges in life and show gratitude -even for the small things. I treat my family, friend and colleagues as I would like to be treated. At this point in my life I have such high morals as evidenced in stage 4, in regards to drugs. I am 25 years old and do not use drugs ,however I have friends around me who use drugs recreationally. I am acutely aware of what is right and wrong, and what is legally and socially acceptable in societal norm. I have an acute sense of moral judgment and do not like getting involved with those that abuse this position. I think how stupid can you be drugs are so dangerous not only can they psychically harm you but mentally as well, apart from being against the law. In conclusion, I feel that a combination of the developmental philosophies as designed by Erikson Kohlberg are relevant to the stage in my life that I am currently in. I believe that psychological development involves physical, sensory, cognitive, social and emotional processes, and the interactions among them. If I focus on where my future lies, it becomes clear that change is inevitable. This will occur through the progression through the different developmental phases. Reference current literature and integrate relevant theory into your essay discussion Erikson, E.H. (1963) Childhood and Society. 2edn. New York: Norton Glassman, W.E. Hadad, M. (2009) Approaches to Psychology . Fifth Edition. London. Mcgraw-Hill Hayflick, L. (1998). How and why we age. Experimental Gerontology, 33, 639-653. Kohlberg, L. (1981) The Meaning and Measurement of Moral Development (Volume 13)

Synesthesia and the Implications of Sensory Fusion :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Synesthesia and the Implications of Sensory Fusion Synesthesia is defined as the sensation produced at a point other than or remote from the point of stimulation, as of a color from hearing a certain sound.[1] (From the Greek, syn=together+aesthesis=to perceive). In common language synesthesia is an involuntary blending of the senses by some people, which allows them to see colors when looking at numbers, for instance. This is a topic that was introduced over a century ago, but has not been taken serious until recently with the development of tests capable of testing whether or not the condition was real. Previously, scientists thought that this was a figment of the imagination, drug abuse, or in its most concrete form one of memory. As if seeing a number paired with a color, say in early childhood was the reason that a person paired them later on in life. There was also the theory that these people were very creative and when they said that they could taste a shape, it was only an unconventional metaphor. However, thanks to in depth pursuit of this topic by scientists, especially Ramachandran and Hubbard the validity of such statements has been proven. One test they developed to test the ability of people to pair colors with the site of ordinary numbers involved printing up sheets with similar numbers, like 2 and 5. Many people claimed to see a certain color when presented with the number 2 and a different color when shown 5. The 2's and 5's were arranged in such a way that one number formed a distinct shape in the midst of the jumble of the other number. A non-synesthetic would be incapable of distinguishing any pattern due to the close resemblance of the numbers. But, in 90% of the cases where people claimed to see colors they were easily able to discern the shape because it registered stood out for them as a completely different color. One wonders what takes place in the brain to cause such phenomenal differences in perception. The cause is unknown for certain, like many things in the realm of science it has not been researched nearly enough, but there are some indications. The merging of certain senses points to a crossing of signals in the brain. Although the theory is an old one, it has come to the forefront of the scientific researcher's minds, with increased focus on the topic.

Conflict, Climax, Resolution of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay

Conflict, Climax, Resolution of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Hugo McPherson in â€Å"Hawthorne’s Use of Mythology† makes a statement regarding the nature of the conflict in the works of Hawthorne:    Everything he has to say is related, finally, to ‘that inward sphere.’ For the heart is the meeting-place of all the forces – spiritual and physical, light and dark, that compete for dominance in man’s nature. †¦Those who read him as a Christian moralist recognize instantly an opposition between Head and Heart, reason and passion which is related not only to Puritan theology but to the Neo-Classical view of man†¦.(68-69)    Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is, in the estimation of various literary critics, an example of various types of conflicts. This essay will examine them and also the climax and resolution of this short story.    Edmund Fuller and B. Jo Kinnick in â€Å"Stories Derived from New England Living† state that   â€Å"’Young Goodman Brown’ uses the background of witchcraft to explore uncertainties of belief that trouble a man’s heart and mind† (31). The conflict between pride and humility is the direction that Clarice Swisher in â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne: a Biography† tends: Hawthorne himself was preoccupied with the problems of evil, the nature of sin, the conflict between pride and humility† (13). There is little doubt about the pride of the protagonist as he scolds his wife for not fully trusting him: "’My love and my Faith,’ replied young Goodman Brown, ‘of all nights in the year, this one night must I tarry away from thee. My journey, as thou callest it, forth and back again, must needs be done 'twixt now and sunrise. What, my sweet, pretty wife, dost thou doubt me already, and we but three mo... ...W. B. â€Å"The Return into Time: Hawthorne.† In Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.    Martin, Terence. Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York: Twayne Publishers Inc., 1965.    McPherson, Hugo. â€Å"Hawthorne’s Use of Mythology.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.    Swisher, Clarice. â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne: a Biography.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.    Wagenknecht, Edward. Nathaniel Hawthorne – The Man, His Tales and Romances. New York: Continuum Publishing Co., 1989.    Williams, Stanley T. â€Å"Hawthorne’s Puritan Mind.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.          Conflict, Climax, Resolution of Hawthorne's Young Goodman Brown Essay Conflict, Climax, Resolution of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Hugo McPherson in â€Å"Hawthorne’s Use of Mythology† makes a statement regarding the nature of the conflict in the works of Hawthorne:    Everything he has to say is related, finally, to ‘that inward sphere.’ For the heart is the meeting-place of all the forces – spiritual and physical, light and dark, that compete for dominance in man’s nature. †¦Those who read him as a Christian moralist recognize instantly an opposition between Head and Heart, reason and passion which is related not only to Puritan theology but to the Neo-Classical view of man†¦.(68-69)    Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is, in the estimation of various literary critics, an example of various types of conflicts. This essay will examine them and also the climax and resolution of this short story.    Edmund Fuller and B. Jo Kinnick in â€Å"Stories Derived from New England Living† state that   â€Å"’Young Goodman Brown’ uses the background of witchcraft to explore uncertainties of belief that trouble a man’s heart and mind† (31). The conflict between pride and humility is the direction that Clarice Swisher in â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne: a Biography† tends: Hawthorne himself was preoccupied with the problems of evil, the nature of sin, the conflict between pride and humility† (13). There is little doubt about the pride of the protagonist as he scolds his wife for not fully trusting him: "’My love and my Faith,’ replied young Goodman Brown, ‘of all nights in the year, this one night must I tarry away from thee. My journey, as thou callest it, forth and back again, must needs be done 'twixt now and sunrise. What, my sweet, pretty wife, dost thou doubt me already, and we but three mo... ...W. B. â€Å"The Return into Time: Hawthorne.† In Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.    Martin, Terence. Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York: Twayne Publishers Inc., 1965.    McPherson, Hugo. â€Å"Hawthorne’s Use of Mythology.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.    Swisher, Clarice. â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne: a Biography.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.    Wagenknecht, Edward. Nathaniel Hawthorne – The Man, His Tales and Romances. New York: Continuum Publishing Co., 1989.    Williams, Stanley T. â€Å"Hawthorne’s Puritan Mind.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.         

Creative and Innovative Management Essay

Assignment titleUNDERSTANDING THE THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS The purpose of this assignment is to understand how creative and innovative management systems are built and run in organizations. Scenario You are assigned to a CIO (Chief Innovation Officer) position of a big scale company. You have an experience of 22 months in this company. In this period of time, you built a system to uplift creative and innovation management processes. In the end of your second year, you are supposed to write a report about your executions as CIO from the date you assigned to this position. In your report include the following: Task-1 Evaluate current creative and innovative management processes in your organisation (if not choose a company) by using the Innovation assessment check-list given to you by Tutor. Describe the procedures and make comparisons with other departments/organisations. (A.C. 1-1) ï‚ §Explain how to lead others to positively embrace innovation and change in your organization. Fill out the  «Leadership Style Inventory » and evaluate your style with pros and cons. (150 words) (A.C. 1-2) Task-2 Give details of your organisation’s  «mission » and  «vision » statements. Assess the influence of vision and mission on generation of creative and innovative management processes in your organisation. Explain your thoughts and compare with benchmark organisations’ mission and vision statements (A.C. 2-1) Use analytical tools to identify potential creative and innovative management ideas which you or your employees suggested. (A.C. 2-2) Choose an improvement idea of your own related with your job and assess its risks/benefits and feasibility using analytical tools. Submit  your study in max. 3 pages.(A.C.2-2, A.C.2-3) Use one of the change models to support the implementation of creative and innovative management idea of your own. (A.C.2-4) Evaluate the change process you experiences in near past according to the change models you are thought in class.(A.C.2-4) Task-3 Choose an improvement idea of your own that is implemented at work in near past and make your evaluations for below questions: – Who were the stakeholders and how were they affected by this implementation? – How did you motivate them to change their way of working with your new idea? – How did you produce an appropriate rationale to persuade stakeholders about the benefits of your creative and innovative management idea? (A.C. 3-1) – How did you communicate your idea with stakeholders? (A.C. 3-2) – What were the key goals and targets of your plan, How did you establish your key goals and priorities for implementation? (A.C.3-3) -How did you get feedback from stakeholders? (A.C.3-3) Submit your study in max. 3 pages. Task-4 Choose one your experiences related with change in which you took part directly or leaded. – Assess the barriers to the implementation of a creative and innovative management idea in your organisation (A.C.4-1) – How did you plan your strategy to overcome identified barriers to the implementation of a creative and innovative management idea in your organisation? (A.C.4-2) – Explain how a strategic plan for overcoming barriers will ensure innovative change to relevant stakeholders in an organisation. (A.C.4-3) Guidelines for the Assignment: Use standard Arial font size 11. Use 1.5 line spacing. Have a 2.5 centimetre margin on the left hand side of the page and a 2 centimetre margin on the right hand side. ïÆ' ²Include page numbers. Headings: use 16 point Arial Bold for first level headings, and 14 point Arial Bold for second level headings. If a third level heading is required, use 12 point Arial Bold. Attach a completed Statement and Confirmation of Own Work to the front of the paper copy of your assignment. The first page of your assignment should be a title page, which should also state your name, Edexcel BTEC ID number and the name of the Centre where you are studying. Include a table of contents. Start each task on a new page and include the question at the top of the page. Ensure any diagrams, screen shots, PowerPoint slides, etc fit correctly on the page and are referenced, for example, Fig. 1, Fig. 2, etc. Check spelling, grammar and punctuation. You should also ensure that you proof read your document, because the above checks do not always pick up every mistake. ïÆ' ²Use accurate Harvard referencing and include a bibliography. Ensure you are aware of the word limit for the assignment (3000-3500 word limit) and any regulations that apply if you exceed the word limit. Include the total word count at the end of the assignment. Note: All work must be delivered in hard copy and soft copy; all assignments should be properly referenced. Textbooks Ashkenas R, Ulrich D, Jick T and Kerr S – The Boundaryless Organization (Jossey-Bass, 2002) ISBN 078795943X Birkinshaw J and Hagstrà ¶m P — The Flexible Firm (Oxford University Press, 2001) ISBN 0199248559 Cairncross F – The Death of Distance (Harvard Business School Press, 2001) ISBN 157851438X Christensen C – Innovation and the General Manager (McGraw-Hill, 2002) ISBN 0071183809 Christiansen J A – Competitive Innovation Management: Techniques to Improve Innovation Performance (Palgrave USA, 2003) ISBN 0312230257 Clegg B – Creativity and Innovation for Managers (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999) ISBN 0750642556 Drucker P F – Innovation and Entrepreneurship (Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007) ISBN 0750685085 Financial Times – Mastering Global Business (Financial Times/Prentice Hall, 1998) ISBN 0273637061 David Ford D, Gadde L E, Hà ¥kansson H and Snehota I – Managing Business Relationships (John Wiley and Sons, 2003) ISBN 0470851252 Galbraith J R – Designing the Global Corporation (Jossey-Bass, 2000) ISBN 0787952753 Gupta A K and Westney E – Smart Globalization: Designing Global Strategies, Creating Global Networks (Jossey-Bass, 2003) ISBN 0787965324 Hammer M and Champy J – Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution (Harper, 2004) ISBN 0060559535 Hofstede G and Hofstede G J – Cultures and Organizations: Software for the Mind (McGraw-Hill Professional, 2004) ISBN 0071439595 Jones T – Innovating at the Edge (Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002) ISBN 0750655194 Konopaske R and Ivancevich J M – Global Management and Organizational Behavior (McGraw-Hill Education, 2003) ISBN 0071232516 Mead R and Andrews T G – International Management: Culture and Beyond, 4th Edition (Wiley-Blackwell, 2009) ISBN 1405173998 Mercado S, Welford R and Prescott K – European Business, 4th Edition (Financial Times/Prentice Hall, 2000) ISBN 0273646001 Mole J – Mind Your Manners, 3rd Edition (Nicholas Brealey Publishing, 2003) ISBN 1857883144 Neuhauser P, Bender R and Stromberg K – Culture.Com: Building Corporate Culture in the Connected Workplace (John Wiley and Sons, 2000) ISBN 0471645397 Schneider S C and Barsoux J L – Managing Across Cultures (Financial Times/Prentice Hall, 2002) ISBN 027364663X Thussu D K – International Communication: Continuity and Change, 2nd Edition (Hodder Education, 2006) ISBN 034088892X Tidd J and Bessant J – Managing Innovation (John Wiley and Sons, 2009) ISBN 0470998105 Journals Academy of Management Journal (Academy of Management) British Journal of Management (John Wiley and Sons) California Management Review (University of California, Berkeley) EuroMedia (Advanced Television Ltd) European Management Journal (Elsevier) Global Trade Review (Exporta Publishing and Events) Harvard Business Review (Harvard Business Publishing) Journal of Management Studies (John Wiley and Sons) Management Today (Haymarket Business Media) MIT Sloan Management Review (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Websites www.asa.org.ukAdvertising Standards Authority www.bbc.co.ukBritish Broadcasting Corporation www.benchmarkingnetwork.comThe Benchmarking Network Inc www.bized.co.ukLearning materials and case studies www.britishcouncil.org.ukBritish Council www.business.comBusiness search engine on business background www.cipd.co.ukChartered Institute of Personnel and Development www.direct.gov.ukPublic service information www.findarticles.comBNET – for articles in more than 500 publications www.ft.comFinancial Times archive www.i-l-m.comInstitute of Leadership and Management www.ico.gov.ukInformation Commissioner’s Office –data protection and freedom of information advice www.iso9000.orgInternational Quality Systems Directory www.managers.org.ukChartered Management Institute www.mintel.co.ukMintel International on consumer markets www.newsint-archive.co.ukThe Times and Sunday Times archive www.ons.gov.ukOffice for National Statistics

How Has Technology Affected Global Business Essay

Before the arrival of the era of the technology, business was done very inside the four walls of the office. Technology advancement is responsible for today’s noticeable changes in the field of business, mainly in international business. Nowadays, almost every home and office is equipped with computers that are connected to the Internet. Most businesses are conducted over personal computers or other communication devices such as handheld devices. It has become easier to access information and learn about developing economic trends and problems as well as gather data on foreign exchange market, cultures and policies. The advancement of technology has also made it easier for businesses to deal with foreign investments. Furthermore, technology has changed the way we deal with business matters. The internet has become a very useful tool for international companies. Other than that, Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods and Chau (2004) stated that â€Å"computers allow organizations of all types and sizes, locally and internationally, to speed transactions and improve decision making. Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods and Chau (2004) also suggested that from small retailers to the big international firms, technology is an important tool for everyday operation whether it is for inventory checking, sales transaction making, ordering goods or analyzing customer preferences. With internet, video conferencing can be used by both parties to see each other virtually on TV or computer screen. For example, in Malaysia we can have a conversation with a raw material supplier in China and a manufacturer from Taiwan. By using the internet, companies across the world can perform research and socialize with partners and suppliers better. This will eventually lead us to having a better relationship with international suppliers and customers. Next, the existence of technology has also caused improvement in the field of the media in the means of communication. Anyone can easily access data of a specific foreign company with the help of media such as internet, radio, newspaper and magazines. Increased media capabilities can help international businesses improve their productivity through media’s various means of reaching out to public. Once a company’s productivity level increases, profits can also scale up. Other than that, with computers, we can now store dense databases, personal schedules and other important information in the computer without having to store the old and dusty piles of papers and files in the office. Accessibility of files also has become an easy task with series of password keys and shared folders. Cash transactions are easily made, delay in reduced hence giving liquidity to business. In order to save time and effort, we can also now use accounting software such as UBS to record and process accounting transactions. The shipment of raw materials and finished products is very important to any business, but mostly for those with an international scope. Technology of transportation enables a company on one continent to send its raw materials or products to another company in a different continent. Technological advancements in airplanes, cargo ships and railways allow for quicker, cheaper delivery, which impacts business by making global distribution more feasible. Technology has helped in customer service, huge corporations such as Apply and Microsoft attend to customer needs through email and chat services. Networking internal and external in organizations has improved the working of businesses. Staffs and clients likewise can get in touch with the managers for feedback, progress reports and extensions. It is definitely more convenient for customers as they do not need to trouble themselves to walk into a company that they want to complain or need help from.